Fisheries Bibliography

Filipiniana Theses and Dissertations With Abstracts on Fisheries and Aquactic Resources

2006-05-04T18:05:00.000-07:00

Filipiniana Theses and Dissertations On Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Compiled
By
Melchor F. Cichon
College Librarian III
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Library
University of the Philippines in the Visayas
Miag-ao, Iloilo 5023 Philippines
melcichon@yahoo.com
As of May 5, 2006
Introduction
This collection of Filipiniana masteral and doctoral theses with abstracts on fisheries was prepared to help researchers in their search for information on the various aspects of fisheries and aquatic sciences.
Most of these items were prepared by UP in the Visayas College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (UPV-CFOS) students. Some were prepared by Filipinos who graduated abroad.
The items have been arranged by species or by major topics for easy access.
To further increase the facility in the retrieval of information, three types of indexes have been prepared: Author index, Taxonomic Indes, and Subject Index.
Most of the items in this collection are found at the UPV-CFOS Library.
Acknowledgment
This work could not have been possible without the help of the following colleagues: Ms. Teresita R. Ledesma, Mrs. Ninfa L. Bandorio and Mrs. Agnes Limjuco.

Location of Materials
CFOSL-Serials—College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Serial Section Library, University of the Philippines in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines
ICLARM Library, it used to be in Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines. I do not know if the materials were brought to Mlaysia when the institution transferred to Malaysia.
PCARR Library, Los Baños. Laguna
SEAFDEC-AQD Library; Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines
UPV-Brackishwater Aquaculture Center Library; UPVCFOSL, Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines

Abalone
1. Effendy, Irwan Junaidi. Study on early developmental stages of donkey ear abalone, Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758. March 2000. 140 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 I78) This study was conducted to determine the optimal salinity and temperature suitable for H. asinina during the early embryonic and post embryonic developmental stages. Factorial Completely randomized Design was used in experiment. This study was conducted by Stocking fertilized eggs and newly hatched larvae in 4 levels of temperature (23o, 26o, 29o and 32o C +- 0.5oC) and 4 levels of salinity (25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt). The effect on the duration of development, hatching time, hatching rate, survival rate of larvae and larval sizes was evaluated. // The eggs that were spawned and fertilized at 29o C and salinity 30 ppt were directly stocked at the different combination of temperature and salinity without acclimatization. No impairment of the embryos manifested when the level of salinity was changed from 30 ppt to either 25 ppt or 35 ppt and when the temperature was directly changed from 29 oC to either 26oC or 23 OC. However it was detrimental when salinity changed to 40 ppt or when the temperature was increased to 32 oC. Changing both salinity and temperature at certain levels showed better response than those kept at stable salinity and temperature during spawning or fertilization.
Increasing temperature until 29oC or the salinity up to 35ppt shortened the duration of embryonic development. 75 to 80 - of fertilized eggs developed only until 2 cell stage when incubated at 32oC or 40 ppt.
Combination of 29 oC and 35 ppt showed faster hatching time (301 minutes) than those incubated at 29o C and 30 ppt (326 min) (P<0.01). But the hatching time was significantly-slower (P<0.01) at 29oC with lower salinity 25 ppt (436 minutes) than those at lower temperature (26oC) with higher salinity (35ppt).
All eggs incubated at higher salinity developed and hatched faster than those stocked at lower salinity in every level of temperature.
Hatching rate of H. asinina trochpore was thre highest at combination of temperature 29oC and salinity 35 ppt (78.4-). There was significant difference (P<0.05) found in incubating frtilized eggs at different salinity and temperature combination.
Survival rate of larvae of H. asinina until creeping stage ranged from 0 to 11.98 -. Survival rate (11.8-) at 26oC and salinity 35 ppt was significantly higher (P<0.05)>0.05).
The larvae kept at temperature 26oC both at salinity 30 ppt and 35 ppt had the biggest size, with the mean of 283.3 +- 12.9 X 166.67 +_ 25.8 um and 283.93 +_ 12.1 X 217.23 +_ 8.01 UM, respectively. The larvae kept at 29o C were bigger...-"
Algae

2. Arifin, Syamsul. The effect of varying levels of salinity and organic matter on the growth and composition of lab-lab. March 1984. 112 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 A75)- A 45-day culture of lab-lab to determine its growth and composition in 44 leels of salinity (S1 = 0 ppt, S2 = 10 ppt, S3 = 20 ppt and S4 = 30 ppt) and two levels of organic matter (OM1 =5- and OM2 = 10-) was conducted using experimental plots (1 x 1 x 0.4 m) at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Leganes, Iloilo. The study was conducted in the 4 x2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replicates. The desired levels of organic matter were obtained by applying chicken manure and the salinity by mixing the fresh and brackishwater.
Organic matter levels of the soil considerably affected the chemical properties of water and soil. Higher organic matter levels showed increase in available phosphorous, reactive phosphoroous and ammonia-nitrogen concentration, but a decrease in water and soil pH. Salinity did not generally affect the levels of ammonia, reactive phosphorous and the pH of soil. However, 0 ppt salinity had slightly higher water pH.
The ash free dry weight of lab-lab was significantly higher in treatments with 5- organic matter than in treatments with 10 - organic matter. The growth of lab-lab at 0 ppt salinity was significantly lower than 10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30 ppt. For the entire culture period the correlation coefficients between ash free dry weight lab-lab and most soil and water properties monitored (ammonia-nitrogen, reactive phosphorus, available phosphorus, water pH, soil pH and total nitrogen)-were low. The reactive phosphorus showed high concentration during 1st to 3rd weeks, and water pH during the 5th to 7th weeks. Generally, total primary productivity, as reflected by dissolved oxygen, was evidently high in treatments with 5- organic matter content. The levels of significance using Duncan's multiple range test showed irregular trends with time. The dominant biota fund in lab-lab were Chlorella and Synedra for the plant, and Ciliata, Flagellata and Branchiopoda for the animal.

3. Bantillo, Rosario Rubin. The effects of different salinity and organic matter levels on the growth of blue-green algae. March 1983. 117 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 B358)-A one-month culture of lab-lab to determine the growth of blue-green algae in three levels of salinity (15 ppt = S1, 30 ppt = S2, and 45 ppt = S3) and two levels of organic matter (3.4 to 4.4- + OM1 and 6.5 to 7.8 - = OM2) was conducted using a twenty-two plastic containers (diameter = 43 cm, height = 49 cm) at the University of the Philppines in the Visayas, Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. The study utilize a 3x2 factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replicates. Organic matter levels of the soil affected the chemical properties of soil and water (available phophorous, reactive phosphorous, ammonia-nitrogen and pH). The higher the organnic matter level, the higher the pH and the concentrations of ammonia and phosphorous. On the other hand, salinity did not apparently affect the fluctuations in ammonia, phosphorous and pH due to water replenishment to maintain treatment levels of salinity. Earlier rapid growth of blue-green algae commencing on the 3rd to the 15th day was observed at higher organic matter level. While at lower organic matter level, this occured only on the 18th to the 28th day. Blue-green algae population (units/ml) was observed highest in treatment IV (S1 OM2; 1,262,113) followed by treatments III(S3 OM1; 761,338);II (S2OM1; 514,788); I (S1 OM1; 494,375); V (S2 OM2; 413,750); and the lowest was obtained from treatment VI (S3 OM2; 394,275). The relative percentage proportion of blue-green algae in lab-lab complex showed that it composed 17.7- in treatment IV, 16.86- in treatment III, 16.64- in treatment I-I, 15.82- in treatment I, 15.2- in treatment V and 14.9- in treatment VI. These, however, did not significantly vary among the treatments. A low correlation coefficient (r) between population count and the selected parameters: reactive phosphorous, water pH, soil pH and available phosphorous was obtained while a negative correlation was obtained between the population and ammonia-nitrogen. Significantly higher biomass (ash-free dry weight) of lab-lab was obtained in higher organic matter (OM2) and at 45 ppt salinity (S3). The highest biomass (ash-free dry weight) was obtained in treatment VI (S3OM2; 0.160 g/cm2) while the lowest was obtained in treatment I (S1OM1; 0.012 g/cm2). The algal count was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 6,773,542 units/ml) and the lowest count was obtained in treatment II (S2OM1; 2,328,792 units/ml). However, the primary productivity based on O2 production showed a significantly higher production in the lower organic matter and at higher salinity level (30 ppt). The highest O2 concentration was obtained in treatment III (S3OM1; 5.759 ppm) and the lowest was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 4.19 ppm).-"

4. Jumalon, Nephronia A. Selection and application of a suitable sampling method for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Lab-lab. October 1979. 122 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 J86). Variations in the quantity and quality of lab-lab between and within areas of a 1,000 sq.m. pond were determined over a six month period and the applicability and suitability of stratified random sampling as a method of sampling lab-lab was evaluated. A sampler that enables quantitative collection of both floating and attached lab-lab was devised. Ash-free dry weight, count of organisms, plant pigment concentration and caloric content were used as a measure of lab-lab quantity while ash, protein, lipid and cellulose content were used as a measure of lab-lab quality. Soil differences between strata did not always affect the quality or quantity of lab-lab so that pond stratification is not necessary when sampling lab-lab except perhaps, when soil differences are extremely great. Accumulation of floating lab-lab on one side of the pond as an effect of the wind may cause complications in sampling. Removal of these accumulated lab-lab is found advantageous. Except for lipid content, marked differences in quantity and quality is observed between floating and attached lab-lab. Floating lab-lab shows a much lower degree of degradation and has a significantly higher number of organisms, chlorophyll a concentration,caloric content, protein and cellulose content than atached lab-lab, which are associated with its lower ash content. Of the four methods used to quantify lab-lab, ash-free dry weight analysis is found to be the most suitable in terms of efficiency, consistency of results and applicability -while ash analysis and protein analysis appear to be the most suitable methods for qualitative evaluation of lab-lab.-"
Bacteria

5. Leaño, Eduardo Malibiran. Siderophore and extracellular products (ECP) detection among aeromonas hydrophila and other associated bacteria in The Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS). August 1993. 73 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas-Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG993.5 1993 F5 L4). Twenty (20) Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS)- associated bacteria consisting of 16 isolates of aeromonas hydrophila and one isolate each of A. pastoria sp.n., Aquaspirillum sp. Pseudomonas sp., and Sterptococcus sp. were screened for virulence, production of siderophore at 20, 25, 30 and 37 oC, and production of extracellular products (ECP). Results showed that all A. hydrophila isolates and a. pastoria sp.n. were virulent to test catfish (Clarias batrachus). Pseudomonas sp., Sterptococcus sp. and Aquaspirillum sp. were avirulent.
Fifty percent of A. hydrophila isolates were positive for siderophore production at 25oC. Aeromonas pastoria sp.n.Aquaspirillum sp, and Pseudomonas sp. also showed positive response whereas Streptococcus sp. showed negative respnse. An increase in the amount of siderophore produced and the percentage of siderophore-producing A. hydrophila was observed at 20 oC. The same trend was observed for A. pastoria sp. n. In contrast, Aquaspirillum sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Streptococcus sp., showed an increase in siderophore production at temperatures 30 and 37oC.
On ECP production, only 43.75 - of the A. hydrophila test isolates produced ECP that induced dermonecrotic lesions on test catfish. Aeromonas pastoria sp. n. also produced ECP whereas Aquaspirillum sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Streptococcus sp. were negative for ECP production.
No correlation on siderophore and ECP production with virulence of the test bacterial isolates were observed.-"

Carps

6. Legiralde, Maria Theresa Trono-The effects of dietary carbohydrate, lipid and energy on the growth, feed efficiency and tissue composition of bighead carp (Aristichthys Nobilis) fry. March 1990. 37 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 T76) The utilization of dietary carbohydrate and lipid as energy sources for bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) fry and various protein : energy ratios were investigated in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial feeding experiment. Semi-purified diets containing two-protein levels (28.9 and 37 -) and three levels of lipid (4.26, 5.93 and 6.95 -) and carbohydrate (42, 48, and 53 -) to give different total energy levels were fed to bighead carp fry (0.0485 +-0.0035 g) for 8 weeks.
Growth of fry fed higher dietary protein level (37 -) was significantly high (P<0.01). Increase in dietary protein significantly decreased (P<0.05) feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio.
Bighead carp fry perfor med better with diets containing 3130 and 3470 kcal metabolizable energy/kg and P:E ratio of 92 and 107 mg protein/kcal. The 37 - protein diet with approximately 3470 kcal metabolizable energy produced maximum growth. Dietary lipid level of 4.26 - and carbohydrate level of 42 - were levels for efficient utilization to spare protein for energy needs.
Tissue lipid increased significantly (P<0.01) with the increase of d ietary lipid and carbohydrate. However, inclusion of the highest levels of both components in diets tested decreased tissue lipid. Tissue protein was significantly high (P<0.01) in fry fed high protein diets and low levels of lipid and carbohydrate. Tissue protein, moisture and ash were inversely related to tissue lipid.
Survival increased (P<0.01) with the increase of dietary protein and carbohydrate. Increase of dietary lipid decreased survival rates of bighead carp fry.-"

Catfish

7. Evangelista, Antonieta T. Duller-Comparison of Selected Live Organisms and Artificial Diet as Food for the Larval Rearing of Catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther). April 1996. 69 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1996 F5 D84) Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of feeding live organisms and artificial diet on the growth and survival of catfish, Clarias macrocephalus larvae.
In the first feeding trial, growth was significantly high (P<0.01) in Tubifex sp, fed larvae (5.1050g and 6.4980 cm) and low in other treatments. However, survival was significantly high (P<0.01) in fish fed Artemia sp. (38.06 -) and Moina macrocopa (38.44 -). All fish fed artificial diet died after 4 weeks of feeding.
Inthe second trial, there were no significant differences (P>0.01) in weight gain of the larvae fed Tubifex sp. (3.8628 g), Artemia sp. (3.7193 g), M. macrocopa (3.7156 g) and Chironomus sp. (3.6572g). Weight gain attained by fish fed artificial diet was 2.8565g and that fed with Brachionus calyciflorus attained 2.9202 g after 4 weeks. Length increment was significantly high (P<0.01) in fish fed Tubifex sp. (2.2480 cm) closely followed by fish fed M. macrocopa (2.0547cm) and Artemia sp. (1.9745 cm). Length increment of fish in all other treatments was significantly low.
Larvae fed Tubifex sp., M. macrocopa and B. calyciflorus (83.44, 79.37 - and 74.06 - ; respectively) had the highest survival. Larvae fed Chironomus (26.25 -) and artificial diet (3.1250 -) had significantly low survival rates compared with that of Tubifex-fed larvae.
The results obtained in both of the 2 feeding trials (1 and 2 combined) showed that growth (weight gain and length increment) and survival was highest in Tubifex (3.6461g, 2.1673cm and 82.03 -; respectively) fed larvae. However,-no significant differences (P>0.01) was observed in larvae fed Moina (3.5225 g, 2.2011 cm and 82.62-; respectively) and Artemia (3.5882 g, 1.8974cm and 74.53- respectively).-"

8. Nacisvalencia, Rosemary Gonzales-Nursery rearing of asian catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) in tanks with organic fertilizer and feed inputs. October 1998. 88 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries. U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 N3) Fifteen-day old Clarias macrocephalus fry with an initial body weight of 32.9 +- 21.73 mg and total length of 1.41 +-0.31 cm were reared in mud overlaid bottom concrete tanks either with organic fertilizer (3 mt/ha and 4.5 mt/ha) and inorganic fertilizer (16-20-0 ) at arate of 50 kg/ha or combined organic fertlizer (3mt/ha),inorganic fertilizer (16-20-0) and supplemental feed for 60 days. Subsequent fertilization with organic fertlizer was applied at 500 kg/ha for Treatment I and 3 (applied with 3mt/ha chicken manure) and 750 kg/ha for Treatment II (applied with 4.5 mt/ha chicken manure) every 15 days.
Prodcution indices such as mean final body weight (15.67 +-6.69 g), specific growth arte (10.23 - +-0.615 per day) and condition factor (0.991 +-0.26) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for C. macrocephalus reared in organic fertilizer and supplemental feed than for fish reared with organic fertilizer only. Zooplankton density and chlorophyll a concentration were not significantly different among treatments. Ammonia concentration also did not vary significantly among treatments. carcasses of fingerlings reared with acombination of organic fertilizer and suppleemntal feed had significantly higher (P<0.05) crude fat (18.58 -) and crude protein (16.93 -) and asignificantly lower (P<0.05) ash (2.7 -) and moisture (74.78 -) than those fingerlings reared in tanks with organic fertilizer only. Survival rates (66.65 - - 80.90 -) did not differ significantly among treatments.-"

9. Tambasen, Ma. Victoria P.-Milt-to-egg ratio in artificial fertilization of Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther) using salmon gonadrotropin-releasing hormone analogue and domperidone. April 1993. 46 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1993 F5 T3). The optimum milt-to-egg insemination artio was investigated using milt extracted from Ovaprim (0.02 ug salmon gonadrotropin-releasing hormone analogue + 10 ug domperidone/ ul) - treated Asian reshwater catfish, Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther). Milt production was measured 12, 24 and 48 h sfter a single intramuscular injection od 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 ul Ovaprim/g BW (Experiment I). Mean milt production (5.84 ul/g BW) peaked at 24 h after injection of 2 ul Ovaprim/g BW (0.04 ug sGnRHa + 20 ug DOM/g BW), while mean sperm density significantly decreased to 2.55 x 10 raised to 6 spermatozoa/ul. Fertilization, hatching and larval survival rates were not significantly different when milt from treated and untreated males inseminated 1 g of ovulated eggs were also inseminated by different volumes (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 ul) of diluted milt extracted 24 h post-injection of 2 ul Ovaprim/g BW (Experiment 2). fertilization was significantly affected by the volume of diluted milt (1:3.5 in 0.9 - NaCl) used, but not by quantity of eggs inseminated. hatching rates (13-50 -) were variable, although more eggs hatched following insemination by more milt. Survival of larvae (60-79-) did not significantly differ when aliquots of ovulated eggs were fertilized by various volumes of diluted milt. Fertilization (70-) and hatching (41-46 -) rates using data pooled from 2, 2.5 and 10 g aliquot egg samples were consistently high when inseminated by 25 and 50 ul milt, indicating that the optimum insemination ratio is 25-50 ul milt to egg, or approximately 4-8 x 10 raised to 3 spermatozoa/egg. A -100 g male catfish injected 2 ul Ovaprim/g BW can therefore produce 5.84 ul milt/g BW, which is capable of fertilizing 286-572 g eggs from 13 to 26 females. THis study demonstrated an effective means of stimulating milt production by Ovaprim treatment and a practical method of artificial fertilization of catfish which maximized the use of limited quantities of extracted milt.-"
Clams

10. Lebata, Ma. Junemie Hazel Leonida-Bacteria, elemental sulfur and stable carbon isotope ratios in the mangrove mud clam Anodontia edentula (Linne, 1758). April 1999. 65 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1999 F5 L4). Different sizes of the mangrove mud clam Anodontia edentula were collected from the mangroves in Brgy. San Roque in Estancia, Iloilo and examined for the presence of gut through dissection and microscopic observation. The presence of bacteria in the mantle, gill and foot tissues was also examined through bacterial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental sulfur content of the mantle, gill and foot tissues and total sulfur content of the sediment were analyzed; and stable carbon isotope ratios of the clams,sediment, detritus and plankton in the study area were determined. These experiments were conducted to establish the possibility of clam-bacteria symbiosis in this species.
Dissection and histological sections of juvenile and adult mangrove clams showed the presence of very simple gut, unlike the well-defined organs of the digestive system of other bivalve species that have no symbionts.
A decreasing bacterial count (CFU/g tissue) with increasing size of clam was observed only in plates containing gill isolates. In contrast, no bacterial colonies were observed in the mantle and foot isolates. The results paralleled the observations in other lucinids that bacteria are confined only in the gills. Moreover, as the clam grows it becomes less dependent of the bacteria.
The morphology of colonies was the same in all plates suggesting only one type of colony. bacteria observed were garm-negative, colorless and spherical to rod shaped. SEM also revealed only one type of spherical bacteria both in cultured plates and in gill bacteriocytes.
Sulfur analysis showed highly significant (p<0.0001) amounts of elemental sulfur in the gills (1.38-1907.20 umoles/g FW) compared with the quantities observed in the mantle (0.51-6.41 umoles/g FW). Elemental sulfur was absent from the foot tissues. This finding supports the aforementioned presence of bacterial symbionts only in the gills. Furthermore, results showed a significantly (p<0.0001) decreasing elemental sulfur from the newly collected clams compared to those maintained in mangrove mud and stocked in seawater only which were analyzed 3 weeks later indicating that stored elemental sulfur is being utilized by the bacteria in the absence of sulphide. Moreover, smaller clams (40.1-50.0 mm SL) had significantly higher elemental sulfur content than bigger ones (50.1-60.0 mm SL) supporting the inverse relationship between number of gill bacteria and clam size. Total sulfur content of mangrove mud in istu was higher than those used as substrate in the experiment; and was not significantly different from initial to final readings in the latter. This shows that mangrove mud in situ is linked to a steady sulfur source. // Stable C isotope ratios showed that clams do not obtain their carbon from plankton, sediment nor detritus and may thus be solely dependent on bacterial carbon. This was shown by the more negative Sigma13C ratios of carbon fixed during bacterial chemoatotrophy compared to carbon fixed photosynthetically.-"

Copepod

11. Duray, Victoriano M. The Effect of rice-bran, cultured yeast and fermented fish soluble and their combinations on the production of an harpaticoid copepod, Tisbintra elongata. October 1980. 62 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 D87) The effectivity of different feeding rates of rice bran, fermented fish soluble, cultured yeast and their combination as food source for the mass reproduction of the harpaticoid copepod, Tisbintra elongata was determined. Feeding rates at 50.0 ug dry weight ml-1 day-1 for rice bran, 1.5 million cells mL-1 day-1 for cultured yeast, and 100ug wet weight mL-1 day-1 for fermented fish soluble were found to be the best feed concentrations for the production of Tisbintra elongata. In the different feed combination, the total population densities of copepod fed with rice bran + fermented fish soluble reached the highest density of 6.0 individuals mL-1, followed by fermented fish soluble + rice bran + cultured yeast at 5.4 individuals ml-1, rice bran alone at 5.2 individuals ml-1, rice bran + cultured yeast at 5.0 individuals ml-1, fermented fish soluble + cultured yeast at 3.2 individuals ml-1, fermented fish soluble at 2.4 individuals ml-1 and cultured yeast at 1.6 individuals ml-1. On the other hand, if only the copepodites and adults are considered, copepods fed with rice bran alone had the highest density of 3.8 individuals mL-1. Peak densities were attained in 6 to 7 days after stocking.
The bacterial population in the tanks where rice bran was given as food was significantly higher than in the tanks where yeast or fermented fish soluble were given as food. Results strongly indicated that the microbiota population in the culture tanks, most especially the bacterial population played an important role in the reproduction and survival of Tisbintra elongata.-"

12. Jocson, Teresita Cayetano-Rearing techniques for calanoid copepod (Acartia spp.) under laboratory condition-April 1992. 80 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas-Miag-ao, Iloilo. Calanoid Copepod, Acartia sp., Rearing, Techniques. Location: CFOSL-Serials-This study evaluated the abundance and developmental stage frequency distribution of Acartia spp. grown under three treatments: pond water fertilized with chicken manure (basal application) and 16-20-0, Chlorella fed and pond water fertilized with chicken manure (applied daily) only.
Acartia spp. collected from brackishwater ponds were reared under laboratory condition, using either twelve white plastic basins or ice cream gallon containers with 5-3 liters of brackishwater or pond water. Four experiments were conducted and took about forty (40) culture days.
The number of developmental stage of Acartia spp. did not vary according to treatment (P>0.05) indicating that this copepod is not selective on the quality of food, it can subsist on any microscopic food within its digestive capacity. However at 2.0 cm deep of water Acartia spp. was most abundant in the chicken manure treatment while in the 8.5 cm depth of water the density of Acartia spp. was highest in that fed with Chlorella but comparing both densities,chicken manure-fed copepods was dnsr. Population dnsitise wre rlatd to food abundance. // Nauplii, coppodit and adult mal reached highest densities in the chicken manuree treatment of 23, 10, and 17 ind/ 1 respectively. Egg-bearing and non-egg bearing adult females were most abundant in the chicken manure + 16 - 20 - 0 treatment of 5, and 18 ind/1 respectively.
Temperature and food abundance played a critical role (P<0.01) on the growth and development of Acartia spp. Salinity and water pH had significant effects (P<0.05) to the density of Acartia sp-This indicated that dissolved oxygen which ranged from 3.58 - 8.52 mg/1 was within favorable limits and that fluctuation of dissolved oxygen did not necessarily influence survival or growth of the population of this copepod.-"
Coral Reef Fishes

13. Primavera, Yasmin Honculada. The coral reef fisheries of Malalison Island, West Central Philippines. October 1998. 91 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 P7) Fish landings in Malalison Island were monitored from June 1995 to january 1997 to describe the fishery. Two species, Caesio caerulaurea and Pterocaesio tessellata, were studied in greater detail to report growth and mortality parameters, recruitment, and exploitation rates as well as aspects of reproductive development. Patch and fringing reefs with and without protection from fishing were compared to determine differences in physical and biological characteristics in relation to fisheries.
The fishing gears used include hook and line, speargun, hookah, set gill net, drive-in gill net and drift gill net. Cephalopods (Octopus spp., 39 -) dominated the catch of hook and line while cephalopods (34 -) and caesionids (25 -) make up three-fourths of speargun catch; belonids (34 -), acanthurids (22 -) and exocoetids (14 -) by drive-in gill net; and clupeids (35 -), exocoetids (25 -), acanthurids (12 -) and belonids (10 -) by drift gill net. CPUE (kg fisher-1hr-1) by gear was 0.71 for hook and line, 1.16 for speargun, 2.80 for hookah, 1.29 for set gill net, 1.30 for drive-in gill net and 2.23 for drift gill net. Fish yield was estimated at 8.60 tons km-2yr-1.
Population studies of Caesio caerulaurea and Pterocaesio tessellata showed high growth rates, fishing mortalities and explotion rates. Recruitment for both species occurred in two pulses. Gonadosomatic index of females of both species peaked when water tempearture were lowest.
Comparison of patch and fringing reefs revealed that Guiobpatch reef had highest fish species eveness, density, and mean sizes of -commercially important fishes after only two years of protection from fishing. Nablag patch reef had highest extraction rate of commercially important fishes.-"

Crab

14. Kuntiyo. Fattening of mud crab Scylla serrata forskal in net cages, installed in the drain canal of intensive prawn ponds fed with trash fish and prawn pellet. April 1992. 60 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 K85)-Body weight increment, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and economic indicators of fattening male and female mud crabs (Scylla serrata) were studied. Feeding treatments were as follows : I, 2 - trash fish; II, 6 - trash fish; III, 10 - trash fish; and IV, 2 - commercial prawn pellet of body weight /day. The crabs were cultured in net cages battery (one crab/cell) installed in the drain canal of intensive prawn ponds for 35 days.
Results showed that Treatment IV to give the highest weight gain (36.90 g for male and 23.10 g for female crabs); this is comparable to treatment III. The best feed conversion ratio was reralized in Treatment I (1.3 : 1 for male and 1.7 : 1 for female crabs). Survival rates for all treatments ranged from 80 to 100 -. Treatment III and IV of male crabs and Treatments II, III and IV of female crabs were considered fat as evidenced by the significantly heavier average weight compared to the average weight crabs of equivalent carapace width in previous study conducted by Varikul (1972).
Cost and return computations show Treatment III to give the highest net income (898.17/1.35 m3/year) although all treatments (male crabs) were profitable (payback period - 1.57, 2.29, 2.59 and 2.75 years for Treatments III, IV, II, and I, respectively).-"

15. Cerezo, Rolando B.-Effect of different types of shelter on the production of mud crab, Scylla serrata juveniles in concrete nursery tanks. September 2001. 70 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2001 F5 C47) The study was conducted to detrmine the effect of different types of shelter on the production of mud crab, Scylla serrata, juveniles in concrete nursery tanks. One day old mud crab megalopae were nursed at four different treatments: Treatment 1 (Nylon ribbon screen), Treatment 11 (Nipa shingle), Treatment 111 (Piled cobbles) and Treatment 1V (Control/No shelter). Weight increment, production and survival of nursing megalopa to crablets were analyzed in each treatment. Treatment 1 (Nylon ribbonscreen)had the highest mean final weight (0.4567g), percentage weight increment (7387%) and specific growth rate (14.39%) which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than Treatment 11 (Nipa shingles' mean final weight of 0.3367g; 5420% percentage weight increase and 13.37% specific growth rate). However, it was not significantly different than Treatment 3 (Piled cobbles) and Treatment 4 (No shelter). Total production in terms of weight showed significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. Treatment 1 was significantly higher (5.36g) than Treatments 2 (2.35g) and 4 (2.75g) but was not significantly different than Treatment 3 (4.24g). The differences in the rates of survival and the sizes of crablets produced in each treatment may have contributed to this statistical difference.Treatment 1 had the highest mean survival rate (26%) followed by Treatment 3 (22%), Treatment 4 (16%) and Treatment 2 (15%). Analysis of variance however, did not show significant differences among them. Results indicated than there was a positive effect of the Nylon ribbon screen as shelter used to the total weight gain and production of mud crab juveniles. Other shelter types and materials are recommended for study.

16. Pura, Zandro Villaroya-Embryonic development and larval tolerance to salinity of Scylla oceanica (Dana, 1852). April 1997. 91 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1997 F5 P8) The embryonic developments of Scylla oceanica were documented by measuring the egg diameter, heart beat/min: and the incubation period. Larval tolerance to salinity was also conducted at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt. For the control, available seawater in the hatchery was used. // Pond-reared female crabs with matured gonad were bought from local market. A 295g broodstock spawnend naturally after 8 days in the laboratory tank at 28.81 +-0.92oC and 29.0 +-0.03 ppt. However, a 595g crab spawned after 19 days at 29.86 +- 0.75oC and 29.42+-1.43 ppt. The eggs immediately attached to the pleopod of the abdominal flap of the crab during spawning. The diameter of the newly spawne eggs ranges was 336+-38um. It significantly increased to 497 +-3um after 253 hours 55 mins just prior to hatching. Formation of the eye was observed after about 120 hrs 14 mins. The heartbeat/min increased significantly from 22 (143 hrs 46 mins) to 219 beats/min (253 hrs 55 mins). There were about 1.5 X 10 raised to 6 first zoeae (Z1) individuals that hatched from 295 g berried female after 10 days of incubation at 28.77 +- 0.79oC and 30 ppt; while the 575 g broodstock hatched about 8.5 X 10 raised to 5 zoea-one (z1) larvae after 12 days at 27.29 +-0.50oC annd 27.42.77+-2.79 ppt. // The newly hatched larvae were cultured at six differnt salinity levels (15, 20, 25, 30 33-34 control, 35 and 40 ppt) at 27.01 +-1.08oC for 20 days. Water was changed daily. Brachionus plicatilis (25ind/ml) and Artemia salina nauplii (8ind/ml) were given as larval food every morning.
Highest survival (31.67 -) -was attained in the control at 33-34 ppt but this is not significantly (P>0.01) different to 13.33- at 30 and 35 ppt. The larvae were able to tolerate salinity of 20 and 40 ppt with 5.0 and 1.67 - survival, respectively; ad significantly (P>0.01) differnt to 0- survival obtained at 15 ppt. Larval survival at 25 ppt was 10 -. This shows that the larvae can tolerate salinity of 25-35 ppt and can metamorphose to megalopa with a 10-31.67 - survival rate for 20 days.
Highest mean mortality of the treatments was observed from zoea-one (Z1) to zoea-two(Z2). larval mortalities decreased toward the later stages of development. Besides osmotic and ionic stress, cannibalism and inefficieny to catch food at the earlier stage could be the cause of mortality. Further study is needed to exactly pinpoint the cause of mortality.-"

17. Santos, Francisco F.-Effect of common table salt in improving the growth and survival of mud crab scylla oceanica DANA, 1852 from First ZOEA to megalopa stage. January 2000. 69 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 S35 ) The study was conducted to determine the effect of adding common table salt(CTS) or solar dried seawater to the culture medium on the survival and growth of Scylla oceanica from first zoea (Z1) to megalopa (M) stage. The newly hatchedlarvae were cultured at six different treatments by adjusting the salinity of culture media to 35 ppt with the addition of varying amount of salt: Treat ment 1 (10ppt+29g/l CTS), Treatment II (15ppt+23g/l CTS), Treatment III (20ppt+17g/l CTS), Treatment IV (25ppt+11g/l CTS), Treatment V (30ppt+5g/l CTS), and Treatment VI (35ppt natural seawater, as control). Physiologically important ions like Na+, Cl-, Ca2+. K+, and Mg2+ were analyzed in each treatment. Treatment VI (control) gave the highest survival rate (26-), but it was notsignificantly different (P>0.05) from Treatment V (20-). Treatment V was significantly higher (P<0.05) that Treatment IV (13-). None of the larvae survived inTreatments I, II, and III after 1, 7, and 25 days of culture respectively. Growth index values were highly significant among treatments (P<0.01). Tr-eatment VI gave the highest growth rate (6.0) followed by Treatment V (5.9), Tr-eatment IV (5.7), and Treatment III (5.0). Complete metamorphosis to megalopa stage occured on Day 25 at Treatment VI (control). For Treatment V (30ppt+5g/l)and Treatment IV (25ppt+11g/l), almost all of the larvae metamorphosed to megalopa on Day 26. However, in Treatment III (20ppt+17g/l) fifth zoea was attained on Day 22 but none of the larvae metamorphosed to megalopa stage. Culture media with higher concentrations of Ca2- (949 to 1,264 mg/L), K- (27.141 to 41.497 mg/L), and Mg2- (2.7940 to 2.9299 mg/L) showed better survival,growth index values, and more number of megalopae produced than those cultured in media with relatively lower concentrations of Ca2+ (663 to 783 mg/L), K+ (8.238 to 21.476 mg/L), and Mg2+ (2.5623 to 2.6852 mg/L). Correlation analysis showed that calcium, potassium, and magnesium contents in the medium were positivelycorrelated with final percent survival. The final survival rate is directly re-lated with Ca2+ ions (y=-29.65 + 0.04294 Ca2+; r = 0.94544); K+ ions (y = -11.66 + 0.87056 K+, r = o.94143); and Mg2+ ions (y = -216.3 + 82.611 Mg2+, r = 0.93041). Sodium and chloride ions were not correlated with treatments as theirconcentrations were not significantly different. The addition of common table salt (CTS) in diluted seawater does not give results comparable with natural seawater. Using CTS to raise the salinity of lowsaline waters could not compensate for the dilution of physiologically importantions at salinity 10, 15, and 20ppt that are needed for survival and growth of Scylla oceanica larvae.-"

18. Zafran Application of bacterin to control luminescent vibrio harveyi infection in hatchery reared Scylla serrata larvae. June 2001. 61 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2001 F5 Z34)-A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of luminescent vibrio harveyi to different zoeal stages of Scylla serrata and effectiveness oaf vibrio harveyi bacterin against vibrio harveyi infection in Scylla serrata larvae. Results of pathogenicity tests indicated that all of five zoeal stages of Scylla serrata were susceptible to vibrio harveyi infection. Zoeal-1 and zoea-2 were the most susceptible stages. Scylla serrata larvae gave positive response to vibrio harveyi bacterin vaccination. The optimum duration of immersion of S. serrata larvae in bacterin solution was 1-3 h. Survival rates of vaccinated groups were higher than those of unvaccinated groups following challenge with live Vibrio harveyi. Protection against Vibrio harveyi infection given by bacterin vaccination still persisted at least until the larvae reached Zoea-5 stage or at least for 11 days post vaccination as shown by challenge test results. Since this study was conducted under laboratory conditions, it is suggested that evaluation of the effectiveness of vibrio harveyi bacterin to control luminescent vibrio harveyi infection in Scylla serrata larvae be further conducted under hatchery conditions by comparing the survival of vaccinated and unvaccinated crab larvae in a larger scale.-"

Croaker

19. Navaluna, Noli Ariel. Population dynamics of the tiger-toothed croaker otolithes ruber in San Miguel Bay-June 1982. 65 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 M2 N38) Morphometric data on Otolithes ruber are presented which offer a more detailed description of the species.
An objective method of analyzing length-frequency data was used for estimating the growth parameters of this fish in San Miguel Bay. It is also known the valuable informations pertaining to total, natural and fishing mortalities, and to selection and recruitment patterns can be extracted from length-frequency samples alone.
The average standing stock of O. ruber in San Miguel Bay, and the annual number of recruits entering the fishery were estimated.
Comparison of historical and present data shows a significant increase in fishing mortality over the last two decades and suggests that the population is at present probably being overfished.-"
Diatom

Enzymes

20. Hermes, Jasmin Espejo M.-Application of proteolytic enzymes (Papain and Bromelin) and elevated temperatures in fish sauce manufacture from stolephorus spp. April 1984. 144 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 E86). Studies were conducted on two methods of hastening the production of fish sauce with characteristic flavor and aroma from anchovy, namely increasing fermentation temperature and use of proteases (papain and bromeli). The finished products were characterized using chemical (protein, moisture, salt and total volatile acids), microbiological (aerobis, microaerophilic, xerophilic molds and yeasts) sensory parameters. Emphasis was gi ven on the sensory evaluation and volatile fatty acid profiles of the products.
Incubation at higher temperature, particularly at 37oC, gave a faster rate of hydrolysis, higher yield of fish sauce and higher protein content. Microbial analysis of the sauces incubated at higher temperatures (37o and 42oC) showed lower aerobic and microaerophilic counts. Xerophilic mold and yeast counts were low in the sauces incubated at higher temperatures, particularly at 37oC. The fungi isolated in the sauces included Aspergillus and Penicillium. Sensory evaluation of the sauces showed superior color, flavor and odor in the sauce fermented at 37oC. The pleasant odor obtained on this sauce was not only due to the presence of acetic acid but isovaleric acid as well. The sauces prepared in the laboratory exhibited better sensory qualities than the commercial sample (KKK product).
The use of plant proteases in the production of fish sauce with desirable flavor and aroma was studied. The optimum concentrations of the different enzyme preparations (papaya latex, concentrated pineapple juice, crude (ethanolic) and commercial papain and bromelin) were -determined on the fish : anchovy mixtures. The use of 0.1 -, crude papain, 3.0 - concentrated pineapple juice, 0.1 - commercial bromelin, 0.05 - and 0.1- commercial papain were recommended for the pre-pilot scale manufacture of the fish sauce.
The salt : anchovy (1:3) mixtures with o.1 - commercial bromelin and crude papain exhibited an increase in amino-nitrogen and polypeptide content throughout the fermentation period. Relatively high yield of fish sauce was obtained in the sample with 0.1 - commercial bromelin. The sample also showed high protein and total volatile acid contents. Log bacterial counts of 3.77 to log 4.95 were obtained for the aerobic flora and 1.60 to log 4.74 for the microaerophilic bacteria. The mold and yeast counts ranged from 2.30 to 4.17. Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were present in the sauces with enzymes. Saccharomyses was noted in the sauce with 3.0 - concentrated pineapple juice.
Consumer evaluation of the sauces revealed better acceptability (in terms of aroma and flavor) of the products with commercial enzymes. Fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography showed only the presence of acetic acid in all the sauces after 34 days and 3 months of fermentation. Other volatile fatty acids, such as iso-butyric and iso-valeric acid, developed only during the 5th month of fermentation, particularly in the sample with 0.1 - commercial bromelin.-"

Fermentation

21. Relayson-Guerra, Melannie. -Studies on tinapayan - an Indigenous fish ferment in Central Mindanao. September 1992. 123 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 G8) Tinapayan is a Maguidanao carbohydrate base or Lactic acid (LA) fish ferment prepared by fermenting anaerobically dried fillets of murrel (pangos) with a mixture of prefermented cooked rice, spices, small amount of salt and water. The product undergoes three stages of manufacture: production of tapai (Stage 1), tapay a umay (Stage 2), and tinapayan (Stage 3).
Three studies were undertaken, namely, establishment of flavor profiles of good quality market samples of tapai a umay and tinapayan; quantitative determination of microbial flora (by group0 and physico-chemical changes in all stages of manufacture; and determination of the effect of additional 2.5 and 5.0 w/w salt on the quality of tinapayan.
Tapai (ground rice, 50 - water v/w, 2.0 - w/w rerd pepper, and 0.01 - w/w two week old commercial tapai); tapai a umay (cooked non glutinous rice and 1.5 - w/w tapai) ; and tinapayan (24 hour old tapai a umay, 2.5 w/w salt, 18 - w/w langkuas (Curcuma zodoaria Borg., Rosc.), 0.18 - lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 1.5 - water v/w and dried murrel (Ophicephalus striatus) were produced in the laboratory following the native process.
Tapai a umay resembled Southeast Asian saccharified rice, having a flavor blend of sweet, slightly sour and slightly alcoholic notes. Cooked tinapayan exhibited a chorrizo-like aroma and a flavor blend closely similar to beef tapa.
Three groups of microorganism that is, molds, yeasts and LABs which are believed to originate from the commercial starter were found growing in association in all three stages of tinapayan manufacture.
Stage I was governed by the molds and the yeasts, the LABs proliferated only between 12-48 hours when the moisture was 40-50 percent. The dried starter (9.49 - moisture) contained log 9 cfu/g each molds and yeasts, and log 3 cfu/g of LABS.
In stage 2, the growth of labs were favored, the molds and yeasts, and log 5 cfu/g of LABs. The pH dropped to about 4.0 ater 6 hours, - Titrable Acid (- TA expressed as Lactic acid) ranged from 0.10 to 0.30 - and moisture content increased to 67.
In stage 3, the molds and yeasts maintained their population at log 6 cfu/g. The LABs reached log 7 cfu/g on day 9. The pH of the system ranged from about 5.0 to 6.0 - TA had its peak at 1.0 - and the product has an average - salt content of 4.86 - after the 15th day of fermentation.
The addition of 5- salt (about 7.0 - in the final product) in P3 sample resulted to a reduction in the number of yeasts to log 5 cfu/g and LABs to log 5 cfu/g, and an increase in the number of molds to log6 cfu/g. The pH of the system was low ranging from 5.5-6.5 with a correspondingly low amount of - TA (0.51 - average). The odor, flavor and general acceptability of the cooked prodcut was comparatively inferior than that of the market sample.
The fish ferments with final salt contents of about 5.0- or less, that is, with additional 2.5 - w/w salt and with no addtional salt had better sensory and acceptability scores than the P3 sample. Both products attained the characteristic odor and flavor scores similar to the market sample in less than 15 days of fermentation. The general acceptability scores were also good.-"

Fertilizer

22. Laureta, Liberato V.-Effects of fermented pig manure on the growth of natural food organisms and fish production in brackishwater fishponds. January 1982. 87 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 L38) Two experiments were conducted in this study. In experiment I, effects of fermented pig manure at various rates (0.0.5, 0.10, 0.20,0.40 and 0.80 g/l) and frequency of application (daily, twice a week and weekly) on the growth of natural food organisms and to selected physico-chemical parameters of the soil and water were studied at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, UPV College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo over a 30 day culture period using plastic enclosures (1m x 1m x 0.50 m) that were distributed in three 100 m2 ponds. In Experiment II, two fertilization schemes from Experiment I (daily application of fermented pig manure at 0.10 g/l (treatment I) and twice a week at the same rate (treatment II) were compared in terms of Tilapia mossambica production with the conventional practice of applying chicken manure (2,000 kg/ha) during pond preparation and subsequently with inorganic fertilizer at arate of 50 kg/ha per application at two-week interval (treatment III).
In the first experiment, results showed that organic matter content and available P in soil and water increased with increasing dosage of organic manure in all manured treatments. Increasing rates of manure application was observed to have decreased D.O. levels to less than 1.0 mg/l in ponds that received manure at the rates of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 g/l.
Phytoplankton production increased with increasing rates of manure application at any frequency, and the heaviest load had the highest phytoplankton production. No significant differnce was observed in the phytoplankton production among the three -frequency levels and no interaction between rates and frequency of application for phytoplankton production. Green algae were the dominant forms among the phytoplankton observed.
Zooplankton production was found to increase linearly up to 0.40 g/l of fermented pig manure application and become lower at 0.80 g/l in any frequency level. Significant growth was obtained at rates 0.40, 0.20, and 0.10 g/l of manure. Significant production was observed at the daily application but only at at 0.40 g/l rates of application. There was no interaction between rates and frequency for zooplankton production. Phytoplankton production was not correlated to zooplankton. Rotifers were the dominant zooplankton observed.
Results of the Experiment II showed that higher survival, weight gain and fish production were attained in treatment III than in other two treatments. Dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature of water, organic matter and available phosphates in the soil offered no explanation to the resulting low production.-"

Fertilizers

23. Babalola, Julius. Effect of utilizing a combination of cow and chicken manures as organic fertilizer in fish pond. March 1986. 129 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas, Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 B32)- An experiment was conducted utilizing twenty 40 m2 ponds to investigate the effect of a combination of cow and chicken manures at the following ratios: 1000 kg/ha chicken manure: 3000 kg/ha cow manure; 1000 kg/ha chicken manure: 1000 kg/ha cow manure; 2000 kg/ha chicken manure only; 4000 kg/ha cow manure only; and no manure (control), on some selected physico-chemical properties of the pond, soil and water, primary productivity and production of red tilapia (O. mossambicus x O. niloticus hybrid) following an (RCBD)-randomized complete block design. Each pond was stocked with 40 fingerlings of red tilapia and cultured for a 90-day period, at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas,College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines. Soil was analyzed for organic mater, phosphorous, nitrogen, pH, using Walkley and Black method, Olsen's method of soil analysis part II,(Black, 1965). Water oxygen was determined with YSI model 51-B, oxygen meter, phosphorus and NH3-nitrgen by methods described by Strickland and Parson, 1972.
Reactive phsphorous of pond water improved due to the treatments, and supported fish food production leading to the high net fish yield obtained. Primary productivity, an index of living organisms in the pond, was high and suggests that-the different treatments supported adequate fish food prduction. The highest net fish yield (652.03 kg/ha) was recorded in treatment IV (4 tons/ha cow manure only), while the lowest net yield (299.31 kg/ha) was recorded in treatment V (control). Treatments I (1 ton chicken manureand 3 tons cow manure/ha) produced similar net fish yield, 421.97 kg/ha and 431.95 kg/ha, respectively. Treatment III, (2 tons/ha chicken manure only) gae a better net fish yield f 474.8 kg/ha, than treatments I and II. Cow manure can compare with chicken manure as organic fertilizer, in brackishwater fiah ponds for tilapia. A combination of 1 ton chicken amnure and 1 ton cow manure per hectare could be as productive as 2 tons/ha chicken manure only, in tilapia production.-"

Fish corral

24. Acuña, Rodrigo E.-Comparison of the Catching Efficiency of the Traditional and Modified Fish Corral in Panguil Bay-December 1997. 115 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. - Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1997 F5 A3) This study was conducted in two fishing sites of fish corral in Panguil Bay namely; Malaubang, Ozamiz City and Maquilao, Tangub City from November 21, 1994 to July 10, 1995. Two types of fish corral such as traditional and modified were identified. Results showed that average catch per trip was higher in the traditional fish corral (5.1 kg/day) compared to the modified fish corral (4.2 kg/day). Thetraditional fish corral also have a higher species richness (mean=105 species) against the modified (mean=50 species). About 90- of the catch of the traditional fish corral are commercially important species is significantly higher than the other type (50-). Catches of the traditional and modified fish corral largely consist of shrimps (Metapenaeus ensis: MFC; Penaeus Indicus: TFC). Based on the relative density and weight of the total catch, Matapenaeus ensis (mean=222 individuals) isrecorded as the most dominant species caught by the modified fish corral while Penaeus indicus (mean=38 individuals) exhibited as a dominant species in the traditional fish corral. Results of the statistical analyses on the data collected on irregular sampling dates show no significant difference on the catches between the traditionaland modified. Significant difference is observed on the catches collected during the same sampling dates.-Traditional fish corral is more efficient because it has higher catch per trip, species richness and high percentage of commercially important species. Modified fish corral as well, is effective with regards to its catch quantity, however it is inefficient in terms of its catch quality, ie., of low commercial value.-"

Fish corral fishes

25. De la Cruz, Margarita Dela Torre. Catch composition and seasonal abundance of fish corral caught fishes in Guiuan, Eastern Samar with notes on the biology of some commercially important species-May 1986. 157 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Catch Composition, Abundance, Fish Corrals, Biology, Eastern Samar, Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 D45) A study of catches of eight fish corral units in five coastal villages of Guiuan, Eastern Samar fronting the Leyte Gulf, conducted from December 1983 to November 1984 yielded a total catch of 232.4 kg of fishes and invertebrates. A total of 75 species of fish distributed among 38 families and 53 genera, and 4 species on invertebrates belonging to 3 classes and 4 genera were identified. Faily Siganidae was the most abundant comprising 23.13- of the total catch, followed by Lutjanidae (10.53-), Mullidae (9.74-), Cephalopoda (7.93-), Carangidae (7.43-) and Plotosidae(5.45-). Faily Siganidae was most abundant in the months of December, January, March and July; Mullidae in the months of August, October and November; Lutjanidae, in the months of May and June; Carangidae, in April; Cephalopoda, in February; and Plotosidae, in September. Seasonality on the species level was also determined.
The size composition, length-weight relationship sex ratio and gonadal maturity of Siganus guttatus, Mulloides Flavolineatus and Lutjanusfulviflama were studied. Results showed a male to female ratio of 1:2.2, 1:1.6 and 1:5.07 for S. guttatus, M. flavolineatus and L. fulviflamma, respectively. There was, however, an overlapping of gonadal stages at various length groups for all species. A size range of 7.5-26.0 cm total length was observed for S. guttatus; 13.0-27.0 cm for M. flavolineatus; and 10.0-25.0 cm for L. fulviflamma. All three species were found to exhibit an isometric growth.-"

Fish sausage

26. Saupi, Filomena Romarate-Keeping quality of fish sausage from shark (Rynchobatus djeddensis)-Ocotber 1986-114 -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 S29) Storage stability of smoked fish sausage packed in two different casing materials (pork intestine and Coria edible) was studied. Product were stored at room (28+-2oC) and chilled tempearture (12+-2oC). The product quality was assessd by sensory, chemical and microbiological methods.
Results showed that there was no significant difference i shelflife using natural (pork intestine) and synthetic (coria edible) casing. However, temperature significantly affected the storage stability of the product as shown by a shelf-life of 9 and 62 days at room and chilling temperatures, respectively.
Microbial analysis indicated that spoilage microorganisms were : Streptococci, Staphylococci, Bacilli, Lactobacilli, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Candida and Saccharomyses.-"

Fishing gears

27. Calanasco, Nathaniel. Spatial occurence of the ten most important setnet caught fish species in Batan Bay Estuary, Philippines.October 2001. 80 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials LG995 2001 F5 A53)-Spatial occurence of the 10 most important setnet-caught fish species in Batan Bay Estuary was investigated from February to October 1998. A cluster analysis of water quality data from sampling stations was performed to identify various habitats within the estuary. Fisheries catch data from 259 fish corral stations were utilized to characterize each habitat and to create the spatial distribution of these 10 important commercial fish species. Habitat preference of these fishes were explroed using nonparametric statistical tests. Results show that salinity was the most variable environmental parameter in the estuary compared to others, which had relatively uniform values during the study period. As a consequences, only the conductivity data was used in the categorization of habitat zones. Four habits were identified and arbitrary boundaries were set. The habitats were named as follows: Lagatik-Pinamucan Rivers sector, Batan Bay sector, Upper-river tributaries sector, and Banga Bay sector and their mean conductivities were 32.6, 38.2, 28.6, 34.2 respectively. The 10 most important commercial fish species caught by fish corrals in the Batan Bay Estuary were Metapenaeus ensis, Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema, Penaeus merguiensis, Stolephorus commersonii, Siganus canalicalatus, Upeneus sulphureus, Leiognathus equulus, Gerres filamentosus, Acetes sp., and Portonus pelagicus. Spatial occurence and distribution of these fish species varied signficantly in relation to the habitats except for S. commersonii. M. ensis and O. ophthalmonema were more frequent and abundant in the habitats of Lagatik-Pinamucan rivers, upper-river tributaries and Banga Bay. P. merguiensis were more frequent and abundant in Banga Bay. S. canaliculatus and U. sulphureus frequently occurred and were most abundant in the habitats of Batan and Banga bays. L. equulus frequently occurred and were most abundant in Batan Bay, Banga Bay and the Upper-river tributaries. G. filamentosus and P. pelagicus were more frequent and abundant in the habitats of Batan Bay. acetes sp. frequently occurred and most abundant in Lagatik-Pinamucan rivers and Banga Bay.-"

Fishing grounds

28. Culasing, Romeo C. An Assessment of the demersal fish stocks of Southeastern Babuyan Channel (Between Buguey and Sta. Ana, Cagayan)-December 1988. 91 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 C84) The study was conducted in Southeastern Babuyan Channel for eigth months to assess the fishery resources of the area, specifically the biomass, relative abundance of commercially important species, their state of exploitation, optimum mesh size of the trawl net used in the area and the catch per unit effort.
Results show that the mean biomass is 1.8 t/km2, with 12 major families of food fish and squid. Leiognathidae is the most abundant family followed by the Trichiuridae and the Mullidae.
The ELEFAN program was used to estimate the growth and population parameters of the species investigated. Relatively high growth rates and natural mortality coefficients which are typical for most short-lived tropical fish species were obtained.
Highly exploited stocks with low biomass, high fishing mortalities and low catch rates were observed. It is recommended to deregulate fishing effort and to enforce a 4.0 cm mesh size in the codend instead of the 2.3 cm mesh size commonly used by trawlers.-"

29. De los Reyes, Mario R.-The Gill Net Fishery in Inner Ragay Gulf and Some Aspects of the Biology of Liza subviridis, Therapon jarbua and Gerres filamentosus. November 1986. 98 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 D45) -A nine-month study was conducted in Inner Ragay Gulf to describe the present gill net fishery.
A total 298.9 tons of foodfish species were caught using the bottom-set gill net during the sampling period and an annual catch of thefishery was estimated at about 544.4 tons in 1985. The catch composition, seasonality and relative abundance and catch per unit effort of the fishery were discussed.
The taxonomy, fishery, size composition, length-weight relationship, sex ratio and length at first maturity for the selected species (Liza subviridis, Therapon jarbua and Gerres filamentosus) were noted.
Observations on experimental trammel netting in inner Ragay Gulf were also discussed.-"

30. Mamhot, Jennie Robles. Composition, abundance and distribution of fish larvae in Ragay Gulf, Burias Pass, Ticao Pass and waters North of Samar Sea. April 1986. 148 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 M36 ) This paper presents the results of the study of the plankton collection of "R/V Sardinella" from ragay Gulf, Burias Pass, Ticao Pass and waters Northwest of Samar Sea collected by means of neuston katamaran plankton sampler from 1981 - 1982.
Results of the study on fish larval composition, abundance, distribution and seasonality are presented.
A total of 11, 336 fish larvae werre collected during the eight-month period; of which 89.58 - were identified. Those identified belonged to 29 genera and 39 families. Abundance of fish larvae was not found to be higher during the southwest monsoon, particularly in May. Larval distributions were widespread in all the areas surveyed with the greater concentration occurring in Ragay Gulf.
Results of the study of fish larvae in relation to environmental parameters (e.g. temperature and salinity) are also given. In most cases, no significant relation exists among the variables.-"

31. Sambilay, Victor C.,Jr.-Depth-distribution patterns of demersal fishes of the Samar Sea, Philippines, and their use for estimation of mortality. May 1991. 66 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 S24) A method for estimating total mortality (Z), proposed by D. Pauly, the "pseudo catch curve", which relies on a positive correlation between mean fish size and water depth, is tested with regard to the validity of estimates derived from it. The distribution with respect to depth of different size-groups of ten demersal fish species from the Samar Sea, Philippines were established based on length-frequency and catch/effoert data from trawl surveys conducted from March 1979 to May 1980. Relationships linking size and depth along with a discussion of some of the factors explaining these patterns, and estimates of Z as obtained from pseudo catch curves and other methods are presented. Overall, the pseudo catch method appeared to provide reliable stimates of total mortality.-"

32. Hermosa, Lea Cornelio-A short term study of the net phytoplankton in Sapian Bay. April 1992. 78 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 H47).The composition and distribution of the net phytoplankton in Sapian Bay, Capiz was investigated in three stations and in the surface and bottom layers of the water over the period 27 April 1989 to 07 September 1989. Water samples for the biological and physico-chemical analyses were collected using a reversing Nansen bottle. Phytoplankton samples were concentrated with a 47 um plankton net. Quantitative analysis were done using a Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber. An inverted microscope was used to view and identify the phytoplankton component. // A total of 63 genera were identified of which 51 were diatoms, 5 dinoflagellates, 7 green algae, and one blue-green alga. Diatoms and dinoflagellates were found to be the most abundant groups. Peridinium dominated the phytoplankton assemblage in April; Chaetoceros in May; Asterionella in June; Bacteriastrum and Rhisozolenia co-dominated in July; Chaetoceros in August; and Nitzschia in Septem ber. The various species of Ceratium, Eucampia, Surirella, Pleurosigma, and Ditylium, among others, reached important numbers as well. Species diversity ranged from 0.110 to 2.970 while evenness values ranged from 0.100 to 2.230. Phytoplankton density ranged from 285 to 50,767 organisms/ 1. A Principal Components Analyses (PCA) of phytoplankton diversity and selected physico-chemical and meteorologic variables yielded a 25.44- variability contributed by PC 1 with the total variance strongly influenced by wind velocity, rainfall, salinity, phytoplankton diversity, prevailing wind direction, and nitrate. The closeness of the values-of salinity and phytoplankton diversity suggests strong correlation with these variables and that diversity seemed to be strongly influenced by salinity.-"

Fishpond

33. Hechanova, Ma. Dulce J.-Chemical changes in submerged acid sulfate soil-water system treated with some organic materials. March 1983. 73 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials-The effects of vaious organic materials on the changes in the chemical properties of soil and water system of submerged acid sulfate soils were studied using eleven treatments in a completely andomized design with three replicates. The teatments consisted of the application of burnt rice hulls, partly decomposed rice hulls, chicken manure, each at 2 t/ha, Marfon at 5 t/ha, Fertilex at 700 kg/ha, all in combination with Mono Ammonium phosphate (16-20-0); 16-20-0 alone and control (no fertlizer application).
The experiment was conducted from January to August 1981 at the University of the Philippines Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. Twenty one buckets of sixty-five liter capacity were used for the treatment of acid sulfate soil that was leached in bulk to have uniform pH.
Soil teated with Marfon had the highest increase in soil pH (4.8), overlying water pH (7.1) available phosphorus in soil (10.2ppm) and soluble phosphorus (145.8 ppm) in the overlying water. It had the lowest cocentations of exchangeable aluminum (17.6 ppm), and sulfate (548 ppm) in the soil and total iron (29.85 ppm), water soluble aluminum (1.22 ppm), and sulfate ( 1482 ppm) in the overlying water.
Results showed that the applications of organic materials with high organic matter content on the soil surface decreased diffusion of acidity frrom the soil to the overlying water.-"

34. Ladja, Hamjaraja B.-Effect of various methods of fertilizer application on the productivity of brackishwater fishponds in reclaimed acid sulfate soils. March 1983. 97 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 L33). This study was conducted from March 4 to July 12, 1982 using twelve 500 m2 earthen ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, University of the Philippines in the Visayas at Leganes, Iloilo. The effects of vaious methods of inorganic ferrtilzer application using broadcast, treatment A; platform, treatment B; pile, treatment C; and solution, treatment D were evaluated on the physico-chemical and chemical properties of the pond water and soil, primary productivity and fish yields of brackishwater fishponds built on reclaimed acid sulfate soils.
The various methods of fertilizer application showed effects on total milkfish production and concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus. Both of these in treatment A were significantly lower than treatments B, C, and D. The gross milkfish production per ha per harvest was highest for treatment B (731.1 kg) followed by treatment D (725.7 kg), treatment C (709.6 kg) and treatment A (558.7 kg ). Other parameters were not significantly affected, however. The average survivalartes for treatments A, B, C and D were 97 -, 97 -, 100 -, and 98 -, respectively, while the average weight gains (g/fish) were 134.6, 193.4, 179.1and 187.0, respectively.
The over-all mean of the weekly gross primary productivity measured by the light and dark bottle method was higher in treatment with fertilizer applied on a platform than others. Correlation anlysis between gross primary productivity and total fish production showed a positive and significant result. Positive and negative correlation coefficients were obtained between-gross primary productivity and selected physico-chemical properties of the pond water. All of them were not significant at 5 - level of probability except for nitrite nitrogen.
Cost and return analysis showed that milkfish production under various methods of fertilizer application was profitable except for treatment A. The cost benefit ratios were 1.02, 1.47, 1.37 and 1.45 for treatments A, B, C, and D, respectively.-"

35. Saclauso, Crispino A.-Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus ratios on the productivity of brackishwater fishponds. April 1981. 69 leaves -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 S23)-Ten treatments of various nitrogen and Phosphorus ratios were tested for their effectiveness on fishpond productivity in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The N:P ratios were tested were : 0:0 (treatment I or the control); 1:0 (tratment II); 0:1 (treatmentIII); 1:1 (treatment IV); 1:2 (treatment V); 2:1 (treatment VI); 1:4 (treatment VII); 4:1 (treatment VIII); 1:10 (treatment IX); and 10:1 (treatment X). Thirty 100 m2 earthen experimental ponds were used in this study; ponds were blocked according to the levels of organic matter in the soil.
Application of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water but no appreciable change was detected in the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. Results obtained on total nitrogen in the soil and water were found to be not correlated to any of the selected physico-chemical and biological properties. Available phosphorus in the soil was significantly correlated with 1) ash-free dry weight of lab-lab (r = 0.31), 2) water pH (r= 0.35), 3) soil pH (r=0.37) and 4) reactive phosphorus in the water (r= 0.40). The correlation coefficient between water alkalinity and water pH was also significant (r= 0.48). There was a positive relationship between water pH and ash free dry weight of lad-lab (r=0.54) while a negative correlation aws found between phytoplankton productivity and water pH (r=-0.64).
Net weight gain per fish (205.10 and 221.78 g/fish) was favourable and higher at N;P ratios of 2:1 which gave 205.10 g and 1:2 which yielded 221.78 g. Lesser-weight gain (155.54 to 197.36 g/fish) were obtained with the higher N:P ratios i.e., 10:1 or 1:10. Fish yield among treatments was not different significantly and was negatively correlated with phytoplankton productivity (r=-0.05), ash-free dry weight of lab-lab (r=-0.26), and alkalinity (r=-0.18) except calcium and total hardness in which positive correlation was observed (r=0.19 and 0.07, respectively) at alower level.-"

36. Bantala, Dammang Salahuddin. Evaluation of lime application and tilage for partly reclaimed brackishwater fishponds in acid sulate soils. March 1984. 165 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 B35) -This study was conducted from August 2, 1982 to March 5, 1983 using twelve 300m2 earthen ponds at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC) of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Iloilo. The effects of tilling and liming alone in combination were evaluated on the physical and chemical properties of soil and water, primary productivity and fish yields of partly reclaimed brackishwater fishponds in acid sulfate soil. The treatments included no tilling and no liming, treatment I (control); no tilling but liming, treatmentII; tilling but no liming, treatment III; and tilling as well as liming, treatment IV. There was a general increase(0.5 to 1.0 unit) in dry soil pH of all treatments. The increase in pH was associated with the decrease in the concentrations of potential acidity, aluminum and sulfate. The concentrations of active iron and manganese were low and stable throughout the study period. All soil parameters measured were not significant among treatments at 5- level of probability. The concentrations of alkalinity, sulfate and aluminum in water were regulated by pH. Iron exhibited higher concentrations in control than the treated ponds, while phosphorous showed slightly lower conncentrations in tilled ponds than the others. In general, the values of pH, alkalinity, aluminum, sulfate and phosphorous in water were not significantly different at 5- level of probability. The over-all mean of the weekly gross primary productivity measured by diel oxygen method showed identical values for all treatments, although the control treatment had slightly-lower values. But, the differences were not significant. The fish yield was highest in treatment III (312.6 kg/ha). This was closely followed by treatment IV, II (306.2 and 304.2 kg/ha, respectively) and treatment I (265.7 kg/ha). Generally, tilling and liming alone or in combination was not of much value because it did not affect any of the soil or water properties, primary productivity or the fish yield significantly. Howeer, tilling of pond bottom had better effects over that of liming. This indicates that the application of lime is not necessary to circumvent the problems of acid sulfate if the ponds had ben earlier reclaimed by repeated tilling and flushing. This also indicates that for improving acid sulfate soils, removing the acidity and other toxic elements is a better method than neutralizing them by liming; because in liming, regardless of the quantities applied the toxic elements nevertheless remain in the soil.-"

37. Sovyanhadi, Yoedono-Phosphate dynamics and its fixation in different forms in acid sulphate, iron toxic and neutral soils. April 1985. 158 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 S69) A study on dynamics of phosphate in acidic (acid sulfate and iron toxic) and neutral soils was conducted at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC) of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, College of Fisheries in Leganes, Iloilo, from February to October 1984. The main objective of this study was to trace the mechanism of phosphate fixation and trend of its availability in these soils.
The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design with 5 replicates of each treatment. The treatments were
Treatment A : unreclaimed acid sulphate soil, without phosphate application
Treatment B : unreclaimed acid sulfate soils, with phosphate application
Treatment C : limed acid sulfate soil, with phosphate application
Treatment D : leached acid sulfate soil, with phosphate application
Treatment E : nuetral soil, with phsphate application
Treatment F : iron toxic soil, with phosphate application.
Superphosphate (0-18-0) at the rate of 50 kg/ha was twice, at an interval of two weeks, applied in all treatments except treatment A (control). Soil and water samples were collected during both application periods, every day for the first week and once in the second week after P application.
Soil samples were analyzed for total -P, the inorganic-P fractions (aluminum-phosphate, iron-phosphate and calcium-phosphate), available - P, exchangeable - Al and Ca, active iron, organic matter content, and wet and dry pH.
The water samples were analyzed for total-P, soluble inorganic-P, soluble Al, Fe and Ca, pH, alkalinity, dissolved -oxygen, salinity and temperature. The amounts of phosphate found in various forms in different treatments were compared by using same units of measurement for any given time and for overall values with time. // Phosphate-use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of phosphate utilized by grwing organisms (plankton/lumut/lab-lab) and the amount of added phosphate. The productivity of the soils was determined by measuring the dry weight of plankton per unit volume (liter) of water and ash free dry weight of lumut and / or lab-lab per unit (m2) surface area. // The results of the study indicate that majority of the applied-P was fixed in all soils tested. The magnitude of fixation was Al-phosphate (30.5 -), Ca-phosphate (30.0 -) and Fe-phosphate (15.4 -) in acid sulfate; Al-phosphate (47.2 -), Fe-phosphate (27.3 -) and Ca-phosphate (2.4 -) in iron toxic; and Ca-phosphate (79.9 -), Fe-phosphate (8.6 -) and Al-phosphate (0.3-) in neutral soils. The P-use efficiency in general was 1.11 - in neutral soil, 0.14 - in acid sulfate soils and 0.11 in iron toxic soil. The lime treated acid sulfate soil had better P-use and less P fixation compared to the contrl. The soil without P application gave lowest amount of available P and growth of organisms, thus reduce P-use and lowest soil productivity.-"

38. Tirtoredjo, Alie Poernomo-Reclamation of brackishwater fishponds built on acid sulfate soils. May 1983. 248 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Brackishwater, Fishponds, Acid, Sulfates, Soils. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 T57) This study was conducted in 12 newly constructed fish ponds an acid sulfate soils at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC) of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Leganes, Iloilo from September 1981 to April 1982. The study aimed a) to determine and evaluate the physico-chemical and chemical changes in soil and water of acid sulfate ponds under different methods of reclamation, and b) to evaluate the effect of reclamation on the growth and production of benthic algae and the survival, growth and yield of milkfish.
The experiment included three reclamation methods and a control. The treatments were:
I. No bottom tilling, no dike leaching but pond bottom drying during the reclamation (control).
II. No bottom tilling but drying and flushing of the pond bottom and dike leaching
III. Tilling, drying, and flushing of the pond bottom and dike leaching
IV. Tilling, drying and flushing of the pond bottom but no dike leaching.
There was an increase (1.1 to 1.2 units) in dry soil pH in treatments II, III, and IV, but not in Treatment I. The increase in pH in these three treatments was associated with considerable decrease in the concentrations of potential acidity, exchangeable aluminum, active iron, pyritic iron, active manganese and acetate soluble sulfate.
The lab-lab production (ash free dry weight) was highest (883.35 g/m2) in treatment IV, followed by treatment II (824.78 g/m2), treatment III (783.41 g/m2) and treatment I (230.14 g/m2). The difference between control and reclaimed ponds was highly significant at 1- level, but no -significant diferences among treatments II, III, and IV were observed. Highly significant correlation at 1- was obtained between lab-lab production and various chemical parameters of soils and waters.
High fish mortalities occured in the control ponds due to poor conditions such as low pH coupled with abrupt change of the environment during heavy rains, but this was not observed in treatments II, II and IV. The fish survival and growth were significantly (1-5- level) can related to chemical parameters of the pond water during rearing period.
The fish yield was highest in treatment II (408.3 kg/ha, closely followed by treatment IV (400.3 kg/ha) and treatment III (369.3 kg/ha). The control (Treatment I) had significantly lower yield (167.1 kg/ha) at 5- level compared to treatments II, III and IV, but no differences were obtained among treatments II, III and IV. If tilapia that grew also included in the fish yield, treatment Iv showed highest production. Highly significant correlation at 1 - level was obtained between fish yield and lab-lab production.-"

Flatfishes

39. Andalecio Merlina N. Food habits of flatfishes in Estancia, Iloilo-May 1995-58-Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas-Miagao,Iloilo. Flatfishes, Food habits. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1995 F5 A5).Flatfishes were sampled monthly from commercial trawlers in Estancia, Iloilo over one year (July 1992 to June 1993). Nine species were examined for food habits. Sample sizes of these species ranged from 6 to 183, total lengths from 8 to 49 cm and body weights from 3 to 783 grams. Stomach contents were examined and the importance of prey items in the diet was assessed by an index of relative importance (IRI) combining measures of frequency of occurence, number, and weight of prey. Pseudorhombus arsius, P. malayanus, Cynoglssus puncticeps and Pardachirus pavoninus preyed largely on fishes particularly Saurida sp. Crustaceans such as crabs, copopods and penaieds were the most important prey in the diets of Pseudorhombus javanicus, Cynoglossus bilineatus, Synaptura mulleri and Synapturazebra. Octopus sp. was the most important prey of Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus. Only P. arsius, P. malayanus and S. mulleri were used to determine whether food habits change with size and sex among flatfishes since they all occured at particular time of the year in sufficient numbers. Kruskal-Wallis test shows no significant difference (p>0.05) in their diets between length groups (<22>22cm) and between sex. Synaptura mulleri had the most varied prey composition (highest diersity Hand widest resurce breadth B) of all flatfishes examined. Seven principal prey types were important (IRI>100) in the diets of S. mulleri thus, the high B value but low dominance d value. Index of Similarity (S) and Hierarchial Cluster Analysis were used to measure dietary development overlap between flatfish species. Diet oerlap based on the number of cmmon prey were high between P. arsius and P. malayanus (S=0.74), between P. malayanus and S. mulleri (S=0.65) and between P. malayanus and S. zebra (S=0.65). Similarity of diet was moderate between S. mulleri and S. zebra (S=0.60) and between P. arsius and S. mulleri (S=0.58). Synaptura mulleri consumed the most number of prey. Hierarchial cluster analysis shows that P. arsius, P. malayanus, S. mulleri and S. zebra are grouped together while P. javanicus, C.bilineatus and C. puncticeps belong to another group.-"

Flounder

40. Caipang, Christopher Marlowe Arandela. Determination of nati-viral potential of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Mx. 2001. 86 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-Tokyo University of Fisheries-Tokyo, Japan. Location: CFOS-Serials(LG995 2001 F5 C35 ) Mx proteins belong to the interferon-induced gene family, and are expressed when the cells are exposed to double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) or infected with viruses. They form one of the important components of the host's anti-viral responses since they play crucial roles during the early stages of viral infection. Studies indicate that Mx strongly inhibits the multiplication of negative-stranded RNA viruses. The genes encoding for the Mx protein have been cloned from a variety of fish species: including perch, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, Atlantic halibut and Japanese flounder. In the case of Japanese flounder Mx (JFMx), it remains to be determined whether or not it possesses anti-viral activity. Moreover, its localization within the cell needs to be determined to further elucidate its anti-viral mechanisms. Hence, this study was conducted to assess its anti-viral potential using an in vitro system. In addition, it was expressed in Escherichia coli for the production of a fusion protein as an initial step towards the generation of its antibody. The molecular mass of JFMx was determined using a commercial in vitro transcription/translation system. For anti-viral assessment, hirame natural embryo cell (HINAE) were transfected with the recombinant JFMx under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Transfected cells were selected using 400 ug/ml G-418 in L-15 medium for one month, and subsequently maintained in a culture medium containing 200 ug/ml G-418. Viral titers were quantified in Mx-, vector- and non-transfected HINAE that were infected with hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and red seabream iridovirus (RSIV). Moreover, the kinetics of the viral gene expression at 1, 2 and 4 days post-infection were determined by RT-PCR and quantitative real time PCR. A 879-bp JFMx fragment was cloned downstream of the glutathione S-transferase gene and subsequently transformed in E. coli for the production of its fusion protein. The JFMx protein is approximately 68 kDa, based on Western blot analysis. High JFMx expression levels were observed in transfected HINAE compared with the non-transfected cell, indicating the enhanced effect of the CMV promoter. HIRRV and VHSV titers in JFMx-transfected HINAE were significantly lower (p<0.05) than either the vector- and non-transfected HINAE. However, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in RSIV titers in the three cell types. HIRRV and VHSV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein gene kinetics at 1, 2 and 4 days post-infection showed increased expression in non-transfected cells over time, with significantly higher copy number (p<0.05) either at the 2nd or 4th day post-infection in comparison with the JFMx-transfected HINAE. On the other hand, the RSIV major capsid protein (MCP) level of expression and copy number was not significantly different (p<0.05) in both the JFMx-and non-transfected HINAE. Moreover, the JFMx copy number in transfected cells was 2-4 times higher than the non-transfected HINAE. A JFMx fragment that was fused in the glutathione S-transferase gene for the production of fusion protein was expressed in E. coli. A protocol was developed for the extraction of the soluble protein for subsequent purification to be used for the generation of JFMx specific antibody.-"

Galonggong

41. Rios, Susan Abarca. The effects of prolonged ice storage of the raw material and the quality changes of smoked galunggong (Decapterus macrosoma). July 1984. 74 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials-Prior to smoking , galunggong (Decapterus macrosoma) aws stored in ice for 1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20 and 24 days. The study determined the effects of ice on the different quality attributes (flavour, texture, odour, and general appearance) and the acceptability of the smoked product. // The end product was wrapped in a newspaper and store at room temperature (32oC) for 2, 72 (3 days) and 168 (7 days) hours, respectively. samples were subjected to microbiological analyses, sensory evaluation and moisture determination to know the relationship between bacterial load, storage stability and - moisture with the length of storage in ice of the raw material and storage at room temperature of the end product.
There was an increased microbial load in the end product with the increased days of storage. Total plate count (TPC) has higher bacterial count as compared to yeasts and molds count.
Sensory evaluation revealed that the result was inversely proportional with the prolonged days in ice. Thus product produced has inferior quality. Shorter days in ice 1, 3, 6, and 10 days, respectively showed better quality of the end product and longer shelf life.
Determination of moisture content showed that the result was inversely proportional with the prolonged days in ice.-"

Goatfish

42. Galicia Abundio M.,Jr.-Aspect of the biology, growth, mortality and exploitation of yellow goatffish (Upeneus sulphureus) caught by trawl in Lingayen Gulf. May 1991. 103 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 G34) This paper presents information on the result of an 11 months study on the biology, fishery and population structure of yellow goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) caught by medium trawlers in Lingayen Gulf from June 1987 to April 1988. U. sulphureus, the most abundant and among the species under the Family Mullidae , comprised 3.4 - of the total catch, or an equivalent mean catch per unit effort of 1.0 kg/hr. It ranked number eight among the important species caught by medium trawlers in the area.
Collected data revealed that yellow goatfish spawns during the months of March/April and December/January. This was verified by the result of recruitment analysis projected from the length frequency data. The species is most abundant in the catch during the months of June and September.
The mean size at first maturity for yellow goatfish was estimated at 12.74 cm for females and 11.83 cm for males.Length-weight analysis showed that female individuals are more plump and robust than the male of the same length. Analysis of the recruitment pattern computed from length frequency data revealed two (2) pulses per year for the species.
A growth increment of about 4 cm between 1 to 2 years of age and 1.42 cm between 2 to 3 years of age were were calculated for the species having a growth coefficient K = 0.9736/yr and Loo = 16.09 cm. This implies that it will take approximately 2.8 years for the species to grow to a length of 15.0 cm. Most of the yellowfin goatfish caught by the medium trawlers are between 8 months to 2 years of age with a size range of 8 to 14 cm.
The length at first capture was estimated at 9.63 cm and the species become fully exploited at length 10.6 cm (both sexes). The stomach content analysis revealed that shrimp is the major food item in their diet.-"

Goby

43. Ungson, Julita Ragasa. Goby fry fishery at Santa , Ilocos Sur-February 1984. 47 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 U54) -Goby fry and associated fish species collected at Santa, Ilocos Sur, during the ipon season October 1982 to February 1983 are examined with respect to composition, distribution and length at recruitment, relative abundance and environmental parameters.
Nine species of goby are identified; three species of them compose the bulk of the goby fry fishery namely, Sicyopterus lacrymosus, Sicyopterus sp. and Chonophorus melanocephalus. A description of the identified goboid taxa is presented. Thirty six families of associated fish species are also identified, a description of seven economically important associated fish species is given.
The distribution of the three species of gobies and associated fish species is discussed. Two species of goby are observed in all eight coastal barangays while the other species is found only in six barangays. Associated fish species are present in all barangays but found in a lesser degree in the vicinity of the Abra River mouth.
The length at recruitment of Sicyopterus is 22 mm while Chonophorus is 14 mm. The associated fish larvae are found with minimum lengths of 1 mm.
The relative abundance of goby and associated fish species in the sample is discussed, also in relation to the environmental parameters.-"

Grouper

44. Dumadag,Gamelba Vistal. Effects of different types of feeds on growth, survival and production of grouper, Epinephelus suillus, in floating netcages. April 1996. 106 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1996 F5 D84) A study to determine the effects of three types of feeds on the growth, survival and production of grouper (Epinephelu suillus) was conducted in nine 1m x 1m x 1.5m floating netcages in Calape Bay, Pangangan Is., Calape, Bohol for 225 days. Grouper fingerlings with a mean weight of 22.5 +- 0.17 g were stocked at a density of 30 fish/m3 and fed ad libitum. There were three treatments, each replicated thrice. In Treatment (Trt) I animals were fed trash fish with added vitamin premix. Shrimp finisher feeds were fed to fish in Trt 2 and a 4:1 combination of trash fish and shrimp finisher feeds were given to fish in Trt 3.
At the end of the culture period, final mean body weight was highest in Trt 3 (470.12 g), followed by Trt 1 (405.01 g), and was lowest in Trt 2 (256.67 g). Trt 1 and 3 were both significantly different (P<0.01)>0.01) from each other. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) were recorded for mean weight gain, survival, production and feed consumption between Trts 1 and 2 as well as between 2 and 3, but not between Trts 1 and 3. Mean survival rate was highest in Trt 1 ( 96.67 -), followed by Trt 3(93.33-) and Trt 2 (82.22 -). Mean production was highest in Trt 3 (13.71 kg), followed by Trt 1 (11.74 kg) and was lowest in Trt 2 (6.32 kg).
No significant differences (P>0.05) were seen on percentage weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor of groupers in all three treatments. FCR's in all treatments were similar : 2.18 (Trt 1), 2.96 (Trt 2), and- 2.94 (Trt 3). PER's of the treatments were as follows: 0.82 (Trt 1), 0.94 (Trt 2), and 0.68 (Trt 3). A highly significant differnce (P<0.01) was observed on specific growth rate (-) of Trts 2 and 3, but no significant differences between Trts 1 and 3.
There were significant differences (P<0.05) on mean total protein consumption and mean daily protein intake between TRts 2 and 3 but not between Trts 1 and 2 and Trts 1 and 3.
Simple cost analysis of the three feed types used in the study showed that Trt 3 gave the best results in terms of production, gross sales, net income and net profit margin. Trt 1 did not differ significantly from Trt 3, while Trt 2 gave the poorest production results.
Under the conditions in which the study was carried out the culture of grouper (Epinephelus suillus) in floating netcages using a combination of trash fish and shrimp finisher feeds was found economically viable. Grouper culture using trash fish with added vitamin premix was also profitable but to a lesser degree depending on the cost of the vitamin premix. Feeding with shrimp finisher feeds, on the other hand, was not profitable.-"

45. Luna, Zaldy Odoño-The early development of orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides, (Hamilton, 1822): effects of salinity on egg hatching, yolk absorption and growth. 1998. 143 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 L8) This study was conducted to determine the effect of different salinity levels on the early development, hatching rate, yolk absorption and larval; growth of Epinephelus coioides from newly-fertilized eggs up to the stage where yolk had been resorbed completely. The following treatments were used : Treatment I (0 ppt), Treatment II (10 ppt), Treatment III(15 ppt), Treatment IV (20 ppt), Treatment V (25 ppt), Treatment VI (30 ppt), Treatment VII(35 ppt), and Treatment VIII (40 ppt). Each treatment was replicated three times.
Results showed that eggs developed and hatched in all test salinities, except at 0 ppt. Embryonic development was delayed by 1-3 hr in low salinities (10, 15, 20, and 25 ppt) compared with those incubated at higher salinities (30, 35, and 40 ppt). The appearan ce of newly-hatched larvae in Treatments VIII, VII, VI, and V was observed at 19, 20, 21 and 22 hr after fertilization respectively; but it was 23 and 24 hr for Treatments IV, III, and II, respectively. At 40, 35, 30, and 25 ppt salinities, the hatching rates were 72,65,57, and 51 - respectively; while lower hatching rates of 43, 37 and 26 - were observed at salinities, 20, 15, and 10 ppt respectively. These results showed that higher salinities (40 and 35 pp) gave the best hatchin rates for E. coioides eggs. the high hatching rates in these salinities may be attributed to the presence of high levels of physiological ions like CL-, Na+, SO4-, K+, CA2+ and Mg2+ to the culture media. // Larval body length, yolk and oil globule volumes varied significantly (P<0.01) in relation to salinity.- The yolk was completely absorped durin the period between 72 and 87 hr (Time After Hatching- TAH). The newly hatched larvae tolarated abrupt changes in salinity from 10 to 40 ppt. A significant difference (P<0.01) was observed on the rate of yolk absorption in all test salinities.
The growth rate of yolk sac larvae in all test salinities ranged from 0.086 to 0.103 mm/day at Day-01, from 0.113 to 0.125 mm/day at Day-02, and from 0.149 to 0.173 mm/day at Day-03. A significant differences )P<0.01) were obtained from all the treatments after the rearing period. // The rates of abnormality in embryos and larvae were found higher at lower salinities as these were affected significantly (P<0.01) by rearing salinities.
A significant difference (P<0.01) was observed on the survival of the yolk-sac larvae in all test salinities. At higher salinities, the survival rates in Treatments VIII, VII, and VI were 38.25, 39.23, and 41.97 -, respectively; while at lower salinities the survival rates were 48.09, 51.17, and 41.97 - for Treatments V, IV, and II respectively. Treatment III (15ppt) had the highest survival of 63.46 -. In this study, 15 ppt salinity gave better result in terms of high survival and growth rates for the yolk-sac larvae of E. coioides.-"

Leignathus splendens

46. Peñaflor, Grace C. Growth of Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829) based on daily otolith rings validated through length frequency analysis. July 1987. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials-Sagittae of Leigonathus splendens were extracted and examined for this study. Of the 980 pairs of otoliths examined, only 35 otoliths were found to haveclear readable rings. These rings were counted and increment counts were used to determine the growth of L. splendens. Growth parameters were estimated from the otolith increment data using ETAL I and the growth equation Lt = 14.0 (1- e (raised to the power -1.083(t + 0.047) was derived from length frequency data using tha data of Donaldo (1979) from Manila bay. Validation was done using ELEFAN V. The age data alone yielded a K = 1.083, length data generated a K = 0.857 and a combined analysis of the two data sets resulted in K = 0.86, implying similar shapes in their growth curves. A comparison of these values with similar growth parameter estimates on L. splendens showed that the K values are quite close to each other. These results establish the validity that the otoliths of Leiognathus splendens deposit an average of one increment per day.-"

Lingula unguis

47. Miranda, Leonor Isorena. Ecological observations on Lingula unguis (L.) in Natunawan Cove, Tabaco, Albay Philippines.October 1980. 70 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 Z6 M57) Some aspects of the ecology and biology of Lingula unguis (L) were studied in Natunawan Cove, tabaco, Albay from June 21 to December 15, 1978. Spotty distribution and low population density was primarily correlated with the type of substrates although other factors appear to be involved. Predominant species found with Lingula unguis were a mollusk, Nessarius bellulus and an annelid, dasy barachus sp. Gut contents consisted mainly of diatoms of which Coscinodiscus sp. and Diploneis sp. were the most common species. Gonadal development and spawning was observed throughout the period of study. Proteins, fats and oils and ash content of the body and stalk varied slightly from June to december, 1978. // Immature and mature Lingula unguis (L) in aquaria had a high tolerance for salinities 10o/oo to 40o/oo, pH 5 to 7 and temperature 15oC to 33oC.-"

Lobster

48. Arellano, Renato Vagay. Spiny lobster fishery in San Vicente, Cagayan and population dynamics of Panulirus penicellatus. September 1988. 98 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 A7). The spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) was studied in San Vicente, Cagayan Province, from March 1987 to February 1988 in order to describe the fishery, some aspects of the biology and the state of exploitation.
A total of six species of spiny lobsters were recorded during the study, namely: Panulirus penicillatus, P. longipes longipes, P. versicolor, P. ornatus, P. longipes femoristuga and P. homarus. Of these, P. penicillatus is the dominant species, comprising about 75- of the commercial catches.
Catches are entirely made by small-scale fishermen through handpicking in the surf zone or through spear fishing. //. Analysis of length-frequency data of P. penicillatus yielded parameters on growth of the von Bertalanffy growth equation; L 16.1 cm carapace length (CL) and K =0.22 males, and L =14.9 cm CL and K=0.16 for females. Natural mortality coefficient was M=0.77 for males and M=0.64 for females.
The exploitation rate suggests that P. penicillatus is at present under near optimum fishery exploitation. Commercial catches consists mainly of 1 to 5 years old individuals. Influenced by the weather, fishing season is from April to August with May and June being the peak months. Spawning is through out the year with a peak during summer months. Recruitment is rather continuous and equal thoughout the year. Due to sexual differences in behavior, females are more vulnerable to handpicking and are more dominant in catches.

Mackerel

49. Domingo, Theresa Sucgang-Identification of Histamine-Producing Bacteria in Homogenates Prepared from Frigate Mackerel (Auxis thazard). June 1986. 72 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-Miag-ao Iloilo-Miag-ao Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 D64) Results of the study showed the absence of psychrophilic and halophilic bacteria in fish homogenates made from frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard, Lacepede). Values greater than the toxocological level of 100mg - were formed in fish homogenates stored at 10+-2oC had histamine values insignificant at 5 - level of confidence after 192 hours storage, even though more than 100 mg - histamine was formed after prolonged storage.
The identified histamine-producing bacteria were Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera. These mesophilic bacteria belong to the Family Enterobacteriaceae, Tribe Klebsielleae.
Both organisms were found to have capacity to degrade histamine during prolonged incubation at 10 +-2oC and 20 oC in fish homogenates and in fish infusion broth.-"

50. Trinidad, Leny M. ..Development and storage stability of vacuum packed smoked spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) at 0-5oC.-December 1986. 113 leaves. -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 T75) A procedure for smoking Spanish mackerel, locally known as "tangigue", using a mechanical smokehouse was developed was developed. Changes in appearance, odour, flavour, water activity (Aw), pH, moisture content, bacterial counts and histamine content of vacuum packed products stored at 0-5oC were determined and compared against those of conventionally packed in polyethylene bags.
During storage, sensory qualities declined, standard plate counts and histamine content increased but did not reach toxic levels. Moisture content, pH and Aw of the stored samples did not change significantly with time. Clostridium botulinum and C. perfringens were not detected in the stored samples.
Shelflife of smoked "tangigue" was found to de dependent upon the quality of raw material used in smoking.-"

Metasiriella kitaroi

51. Galope, Della Grace Quinte-Rearing of metasiriella kitaroi (Mysidacea) under laboratory condition. March 1990. 61 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries --U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 G3)-This exploratory study was conducted to elucidate some aspects of biology of Metasiriella kitaroi (Mysidacea), such as: 1) Life Histoy and Stages of development; 2) Food and Feeding; 3) Response to Salinity; and 4) Size Fequency Distibution in the Pond.
Garvid Metasiriella kitaroi collected from the UPV-BAC prawn pond produced 3-7 young in the laboartoy. The young when released within 1 to 5 days from the marsupium, looked like a miniature adults. The laboratory produced M. kitaroi young with body length of 4.8-5.8 mm after 12-14 days and reproduced at an average body length of 6.0 mm after 17 to 21 days with lumut as food unde laboratory conditions.
Feeding experiment showed that M. kitaroi attained relatively high survival in lumut (40-) than in Tetraselmis sp. (30-), Chlorella virginica (25 -), Chaetoceros calcitran (20 -) and Skeletonema costatum (12.5 -). M. kitaroi was observed to be a filter-feeder as well as a scavenge. Cannibalism was likewise exhibited by the animal.
Better survival and growth of M. kitaroi were obtained at 35 ppt than 25 ppt and 15 ppt. A veage pecentage of suvival was consistently higher at 35 ppt (70.33- and 70 -) than at 25 ppt (48.1- and 66.6-) and 15 ppt (40.7- and 50 -). Likewise, aveage body length obtained was slightly higher at 35 ppt (5.39 and 4.8 mm) than at 25 ppt (5.29 and 4.25 mm) and 15 ppt (4.9 and 4.3 mm). However, differences in percentage of survival and growth were not statistically significant.
Sampling for size frequency distribution during the month of September showed that UPV-BAC prawn pond was not -inhanited mostly by adult M. kitaroi with body length ranging from 5.45 to 6.35 mm.-"

Milkfish

52. Acosta, Belen Orejana. Biological evaluation of brachionus plicatilis fed with chlorella sp.,tetraselmis tetrahele and isochrysis galbana and their combinations as feed for milkfish (Chanos Chanos, Forskal) fry. 1984. 74 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 A36) Two sets of experiments were conducted to evaluate the quality of Brachionus plicatilis grown on single species of unicellular algae, Chlorella sp., Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselis Tetrahele and their combinations as feed for milkfish fry.
In experient I, growth was best among fry fed with Brachionus grown on Isochrysis followed by those fed with Brachionus grown on Tetraselmis; the poorest growth was obtained among fry fed with Brachionus grown on Chlorella. Electronmicroscopy supported these findings and revealed that the hepatocytes of fry reared on Brachionus fed with Isochrysis had optimum ultrastructural traits. The liver cells were regular in size, the nuclei were of light density and the groundplasm abounds in glycogen particles; while the hepatocytes of those fed with Brachionus grown on Chlorella showed abnormalities. The cells were smaller in size with dark and shrunken nuclei, diminished amounts of glycogen and globular and pale mitochondria.
In experiment II, the fry fed with Brachionus grown on a combination of the three algal species had significantly better growth that those fed with Brachionus grown on any combination of the two algal species.
Milkfish fry fed with Brachionus grown on combined species of phytoplankton had faster growth than those fed Brachionus grown on single species of phytoplankton.
Survival rates were remarkably high in all treatments. Differences in the survival rates of fry were not significant.-"

53. Adeyemi, Frederick Folajimi. A comparative study on the effects of supplementary feeding and artificial substrate on the production of milkfish fingerlings in brackishwater ponds. March 1983. 80 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Iloilo City.. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 A39). The growth and survival of milkfish fry in response to supplementary feeding and artificial substrate were evaluated at stocking densities of 75 and 100 fry/m2 for a period of 56 days from August 21 to October 15, 1982. The study was conducted in eighteen 40m2 experimental nursery ponds of the University ofthe Philippines Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. A 3 by 2 factorial experiment in completely ramdomized design was used and six treatment combinations between level of inputs (no inputs, supplementary feeding or artificial substrate) and stocking density (75 or 100 fry/m2) were investigated with three replicates per treatment. The best fish growth was obtained in Treatment VI (100 fry/m2 with substrate) with mean final weight and length at 1.59 gm. and 5.36 cm. respectively while Treatment IV (100 fry/m2 without feeding substrate) gave the poorest fish growth with mean final weight and length of 0.83 gm and 4.60 cm. respectively. Differences in mean weight and length among treatments were however, not statistically significant. Mean percentage survival was significantly higher at a stocking density of 75 fry/m2 (82.8-) than at 100 fry/m2 (64.1-) but supplementary feeding or artificial substrate did not show any statistically significant effect on survival. At either 75 or 100 fry/m2 stocking density, supplementary feeding gave a numerically higher percentage survival than artificial substrate. Economic analysis revealed that a stocking density of 75 fry/m2 without supplementary feeding or artificial substrate was the most profitable treatment with a return on inestment of 39.2-. At a stocking density of 100 fry/m2, sup- plementary feeding with rice bran was more profitable than the use of artificialsubstance with returns on investment of 22.6- and 9.1- respectively.-"

54. Aduma, Ignatius Azubuike-Effect of cow and chicken manures on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) production in brackishwater fishponds. May 1984. 98 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Iloilo City. - Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 A3). A study using chicken and cow manures with basal application rates of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 tons/ha was conducted. The effect of both manures on some selected physico-chemical properties of the pond soil and water, primary productivity,and milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) yield were compared.
Using 8 treatments with 3 replicates each in a completely randomized design 24 units of 40 m2 ponds were stocked with 20 fingerlings/pond. The fish were cultured from September 22 to December 20, 1983 at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas College of Fisheries,Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines.
The differences among treatments in terms of all physico-chemical parameters monitored were not significant except for the reactive phosphorus. Primary productivity in all treatments was at its peak during the 5th week, after which,it declined gradually apparently due to the combined effects of the cloudy weather and low concentration of reactive phosphorus in the pond water.
The highest mean net fish yield (680.9 kg/ha) and mean growth rate (1.54 g/day) were obtained in treatment 3 with 1 ton/ha of chicken manure. Treatment 2 (0.5 ton/ha of cow manure) had the lowest mean net fish yield (343.6 kg/ha) and likewise the lowest growth rate (0.80 g/day). The survival in all treatments was high, ranging from 95 to 100-. In general, chicken manure was superior to cow manure, however, fish production from the treatment with 2 tons/ha of cow manure...-ure was comparable to that of 2 tons/ha of chicken manure suggesting that cow manure could be used as organic fertilizer in brackishwater ponds for milkfish production.-"

55. Aquino, Josephine Mejia-Relationships between primary productivity and milkfish production in fertilized brackish water ponds. October 1977. 69 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1977 F5 A7) -Experiments were conducted to determine the correlation between primary productivity and milkfish production; to determine the influence ofthe different fertilizer inputs on gross primary productivity; to correlate the quantity of phytoplankton to primary productivity; and the phosphate-phosphorus content of pond water to standing crop of algae. Water samples were collected to nine 0.1 ha ponds on 19 sampling dates from 1 July to 15 September 1976 at 2 to 7 day intervals for measurements of primary productivity (light-and-dark bottle oxygen technique), phytoplankton standing crop (cell count) and phosphate-phosphorus concentration. Results indicated that primary productivity (gross and net) was not correlated with milkfish production (r = -0.15, -0.28; P>0.05). The gross primary productivity (mg C/1 for 4 hours) in Treatment 1 (chicken manure at 2,500 kg/ha) was significantly greater (P<0.05) r =" 0.05;P">0.05). No significant correlation was obtained between the standing crop of phytoplankton and the phosphate-phosphorus content of pond waters (r = 0.13; P>0.05).-"

56. Baliao, Dan D. Evaluation of a combination of indoor-outdoor nursery system for growing milkfish fry to fingerlings-December 1978. x, 67 leaves, 14 figs.,14 tabs. Thesis--M.S. in Fisheries-College of Fisheries, UPV. Iloilo. Location: PCARR; SEAFDEC-AQDL; UPV-BACL; UPVCFOSL (LG995 1978 F5 B34). Milkfish fry were pre-stocked at the rate of 3,500, 4,500 and 5,500/m3 in wooden nursery boxes, each 1.39 m2 in area, filled with water to depth of 20.5 cm. At the same time another batch of fry were directly stocked at the rate of 50 fry/m2 to half the number of earthen nursery ponds, each 31.32 m2 in area, containing water to depth of 40 cm. in lab-lab nursery pond and 75 cm. in plankton nursery pond. After 30 days culture period, the pre-stocked fry in wooden nursery boxes were harvested and stocked to the remaining half of lab-lab and plankton nursery ponds. All nursery boxes and nursery ponds were fertilized following the recommended rate. After 61 days culture period all fish were harvested. Results indicated that in nursery boxes, growth rate averaging .003 gm/day/fish and percentage survival averaging 89.8- showed no significant difference existing among different stocking densities. In nursery ponds, the growth rate averaging .023 gm/day/fish and percentage survival averaging 52.45- varied significantly between the two methods of culture. Significant differences were observed between pre-stocked fingerlings and those stocked directly in terms of growth rate and survival which were .036 gm/day/fish and 61.7- and .010 gm/day/fish and 43.2-, respectively. However, lab-lab method comparatively gave higher percentage survival and faster rate of growth than the plankton method.-"

57. Banno, Jessie E. The food and feeding habits of the milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal)collected from two habitats along the coast of Hamtik, Antique. October, 1980. 77 leaves. Thesis--M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. College of Fisheries-Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 B35)-Milkfish fry were collected weekly and daily from the marine and estuarine habitats for food habit, feeding periodicity and abundance studies during the 1977 and 1978 fry seasons in Hamtik, Antique. Gut content analysis of the milkfish fry, 13.4 + 0.9 mm total length and 7.5 + 1.9 mg body weight, indicated that 71 of the 636 and 34 of the 391 collected weekly from the marine and estuarine habitats, respectively, contained plankton in their guts. Likewise, only 40 individuals of the 1289 marine samples and 71 of the 1377 estuarine samples collected daily, ingested plankton. Five genera of the diatoms, three of copepods, two types of foraminiferans, and sand grains were found in the guts of the milkfish fry. The most comon were Coscinodiscus sp., Oithona sp., Paracalanus sp., and Calanus sp. Milkfish fry started feeding on plankton at 0600 hours and stopped at 1900 hours, with active feeding at 0700 to 1300 hours, 1400 to 1700 hours and 0000 to 0200 hours which were the highest, the intermediate and the least pronounced peak feedings respectively. The data indicate a low incidence of feeding on plankton in both habitats. This could be due to the small quantity of plankton during fry collection. However, this also strongly suggests that the primary sources of food for the fry are the vast quantities of detritus and inorganic nutrients which abound along coastal areas and which the fry could easily utilize for their nutritional requirements. Milkfish fry abundance is not related to the height of tides, per se.-"

58. Bara, Agabus. Effect of different levels of chicken manure and ammonium phosphate on milkfish. March 1984. 112 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1978 F6 B36)-This study was conducted at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (UPV-BAC) Leganes, Iloilo from June 20 to November 30, 1983. Fifteen rectangular experimental ponds were used to determine theeffect of different levels of chicken manure and ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) on milkfish production, gross primary productivity and some selected soil and water properties in a completely randomized design with three replications.The highest net fish yield of 502.12 kg/ha was obtained in Treatment III (1000kg/ha chicken manure plus 50 kg/ha basal 16-20-0).This was followed by Treatment II(2000 kg/ha chicken manure plus 50 kg/ha basal 16-20-0) with a net fish yield of494.09kg/ha.In Treatment V (nochicken manure but 75 kg/ha basal 16-20-0) the net fish yield (238 kg/ha) was lowest.Generally, treatments with chicken manure application (III, II, and I) had higher mean net fish yield than without chicken manure apllication (IV and V). Fish survival obtained in all treatments was low ranged from 64.4- to 76.7-. However, the difference in mean percent survival among the treatments were not significant. The highest primary productiviti was recorded in Treatment I (21.27 ppm - O2) and the lowest in Treatment V (2.93 ppm - O2). Generally, primary productivity increased after fertilizer aplication. Correlation analysis between gross primary productivity and fish yield showed high positive correlation. Based on the results of this study the economic analysis showed that Treatment III (1000 kg/ha chicken manure, 50 kg/ha of-ammonium phosphate in basal and 30 kg/ha in subsequent application is the most profitable. This treatment gave a net profit of P 2,194.25/ha per cropwith acost-benefit ratio of 1.43.-"

59. Chiu, Yvonne Ng. Studies on the carbohydrates on the digestive tract of Chanos chanos Forskal. May 1979. 45 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo.. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 C55). The distribution of carbohydrates in pond-grown Chanos chanos (milkfish) with average weights ranging from 97.0 to 132.8 g was examined. For amylase, the periodicity in relation with feeding activity, the characterization by pH, temperature and salinity activity profiles and the level of activity with starchfrom various sources were determined. The carbohydrates were found mainly in the pyloric caeca and intestines. The most active group of enzymes were those involved in the hydrolysis of the alpha-glucosidic bonds. High activity was noted for trehalase, alpha (1-6) glucosidase and maltase. Although the milkfish samples used relied mostly on plant (algal) materials for food, no cellulase activity was detected. Amylase, a major carbohydrase, was found in most of the digestive organs but high activity was observed in the pyloric caeca, intestines, pancreas and liver. Intestinal amylase secretion is induced by the intake of food, both peaking at about midday. The intestinal amylase had a pH optimum of pH 6.2 and a temperature optimum of 50oC. A high amylase activity was maintained over a salinity range of 10 to 40 ppt. Milkfish amylase can be used in the in vitro assessment of the digestibili-ty of starch from various sources.-"
60. Eldani, Abdurizal A. Polyculture of Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) and Prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) at Different Stocking Combinations in Brackishwater Ponds. May 1979. 73 leaves. Thesis--M.S. in Fisheries--U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 E43) A study was conducted on the polyculture of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) and prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) in nine 500 sq. m earthen ponds of the SEAFDEC Leganes Station, from November 12 to March 15, 1979. The different stocking combinations tested were : 2,000 milkfish fingrlings per ha (Treatment I); 2,000 milkfish fingerlings plus 4,000 prwn juveniles per ha (Treatment II); and 2,000 milkfish fingerlings plus 8,000 prawn juveniles per ha (Treatment III), with three replicates per treatment.
Results indicated thet highest combined net milkfish and prawn production was obtained in Treatment III with 492.1 kg per ha followed by treatment II with 404.1 kg per ha and then treatment I (milkfish only) with 280.5 kg per ha. The difference in combined net production between treatments III and I and between treatments II and I was statistically significant at the 5 - level. Average net production of milkfish alone was also highest in treatment III followed by treatment II and then treatment I, although differences were not significant. However, mean weight of prawn was higher in treatment II compared to treatment III. The average survival rates of milkfish for all treatments were high ranging from 90 to 96 -. In the caseof prawn, average survival rates were low at around 50 - for both treatments. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of milkfish among treatments. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of prawn between treatments II and III.
The competitive relationship between milkfish and prawn were negative-values as indicated by the competition index. The economic analysis indicated that polyculture was better tha monoculture in terms of profitability.-"

61. Gauzon, Jose Enrique Diel-Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Food Consumption and Growth of Artificially-Fed Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal). July 1997. 31 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1997 F5 G3 ) Juvenile milkfish (mean weight 57.75 +- 8.94 g) were fed an artificial diet (23 - crude protein) at 6 - of body weight feeding rate and reared at two twmpwrature (24oC +-1oC and 34oC+-1oC) and salinity (24 ppt +-1 ppt and 34 ppt +-1 ppt) levels for 19 days. Mean food consumptions per day did not exceed 2- of fish body weight in all treatments. Milkfish had higher feed consumption at high temperature (34oC) but fish weight decreased. Further, temperature significantly influenced feed consumption, faecal egestion and apparent protein digestibility of milkfish in this experiment. The combination of low temperature (24oC) and low salinity (24ppt) resulted to lowest feed conversion ratio, highest protein efficiency ratio and highest specific growth rate.-"

62. Humilde, Primo Merino. Growth, survival and net yield of milkfish Chanos chanos Forskal (1775) reared in floating net cages at different stocking densities..May 2001. 40 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2001 F5 H84). This study determined growth, survival and production of milkfish (chanos chanos) reared in floating net cages fro 120 days at stocking densities of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 individuals per cubic meter. Growth was inversely proportional with stocking density but differences were not significant among treatments. Survival on the other hand was almost similar in all the densities tested (99.33-99.83%). Production however, markedly increased with increasing density (P<0.01). Although incremental changes in production progressively increased with increasing desnity, it started declining beyond 50/m corresponding to the observed marked decrease in growth of fish reared at this density. The use sinking pellets while theoretically should allow individuals at the bottom to have access to food because of vertical feed dispersion, seemed to favour only individuals that could manage to stay at the surface during feeding. A combination of floating and sinking pellets could perhaps increase food access and thus improve growth of populations reared at higher densities. Also, the practice of hand feeding may limit feed distribution and it is not very effective especially when it is raining, during hot days or when the sea condition is not good. However, this problem might be addressed by using mechanized feed spreader. Results indicated that stocking desnity of milkfish could be further increased to the level when profitability starts to diminish with the declining growth of fish at higher population densities.-"

63. Ikotun, Sunday James. Frequency of inorganic fertilizer application and its effects on milkfish (Chanos Chanos, Forskal) production in brackishwater ponds-March 1981. 86 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 I36) This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of frequency of inorganic fertilizer (16-20-0) application on the milkfish production, on "lab-lab" production, to correlate "lab-lab" production and net fish production, to find the changes in physico-chemical properties of water and soil, and to make the cost benefit analysis. The experiment was carried out in 12 earthen ponds at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo, from April 2, 1980 to July 1, 1980.
The frequencies of fertlizer application (300 kg/ha of 16-20-0) tested were:
applied 12 times at 25 kg/ha per application every week in a period of 12 weeks (treatment A).
2) applied 6 times at 50 kg/ha per application every two weeks in a period of two weeks (treatment B)
3) applied 4 times at 75 kg/ha per application every three weeks in a preiod of 12 weeks (treatment C)
4) applied 3 times at 100 kg/ha per application every four weeks in a period of 12 weeks (treatment D).
Results indicated that net production of milkfish was highest in Treatment B (782.9 kg/ha) followed by treatment C (777.2 kg/ha) and treatment A (741.5 kg/ha) while the lowest production of 587.6 kg/ha was obtained in treatment D. Although these differences were not significant, economic analysis showed that treatment C was the most profitable. Average survival rates of milkfish for all treatments were high, ranging from 95.8 - 100 -.
There was a significant difference in the production of "lab-lab" (Ash-free-dry weight) among treatments at 5 - level with treatment D being significantly less than - than treatments A, B, and C. The correlation between "lab-lab" production and yield was positive and highly significant (r = 0.87, P 0.05). Treatment D often showed lower concentration of dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity and PO4-P of water than in treatments B, C and A.-"

64. Jamandre, Dawn Rhoda M.-The survival and growth of milkfish fry (Chanos chanos Forskal) fed with three artificial diets in a flow through system. July 1980. 56 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 J35) In two feeding trials, milkfish fry (ave. wt. : 7 mg) from the wild were stocked at 4,000/m3 in 300 liter fiberlass tanks usin a flow-through system. The fry were fed with three artificial diets containing a minimum protein level of 42 -. //Results indicated that growth and survival were satisfactory up to the third week of holding. At the end of the 28-day holding period (Experiment I) survivals were 58 -, 62.9 - and 38.7 - for diets A, B and C, respectively. Diet B was found significantly higher than diet C, but not diet A. Average weights were 112 mg for diet A, 118.2 mg for diet B and 90 mg ffor diet C. No significant differences were found among treatments for growth (P<0.05).
Another experiment was run with a modification of aeration basically using an airlift system. After 42 days of holding the survivals were 15.6 - for diet A, 18.4 - for diet B and 11.3 - for diet C. Average weights were 88.7 mg, 76.66 mg and 70.73 mg for fish fed dies A, B and C, respectively. There were no significant differences among these values.
At the termination of experiments, some of the reared fry showed hemorrhages on the head and crokked back syndrome.-"

65. Lumasag, Gil J.-The effect of water flea, moina macrocopa straus, as food on the growth and survival of milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal, fry. May 1985. 59 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 L84) Feeding trials were conducted at the Aquaculture Department, SEAFDEC on the effect of the water flea Moina macrocopa and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, in live or frozen forms in combination with the phytoplankton Tetraselmis tetrahele, on the growth and survival of wild milkfish, Chanos chanos Forskal, fry in a 30- day rearing period. Two trials were conducted using glass aquaria in a completely randomized design of four treatments with three replicates. Stocking rate was 10 fry per liter and growth and survival rates were evaluated after the rearing period. // Highest mean survival rate (60.9-) and mean weight gain (61.2 mg) were obtained in fry fed live M. macrocopa. This was followed by live B. plicatilis-fed fry with mea survival rate and mean gain in weight of 53.2 - and 40.4 mg, respectively. Fry fed Frozen M. macrocopa had the lowest mean survival rate of 32.8 - and lowest weight gain of 39.3 mg. Survival rate of fry fed live M. macrocopa was significantly higher than other feeding treatments, however, mean weight gain of fry during a 30-day rearing period were not significantly different among treatments.-"

66. Marasigan, Arnulfo N.-The relationships of lab-lab production to milkfish production and nutrient levels in fertilized brackishwater ponds. June 1981. 39 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 M57) A study was conducted in sixteen 100m2 brackishwater ponds located at UPV-BAC to determine the efficacy of commercially available fertilizers, 45-0-0, 0-20-0 and 16-20-0, on lab-lab production and to provide information on the relationship of lab-lab production, fish production, and also the nutrient levels in the pond water.
The study was divided into two phases. Phase one estimated the standing crop of la-lab utilizing a sampler while establishing the lab-lab community for the first 30 days prior to the stocking of milkfish into the ponds. Phase two monitored the primary productivity by means of light and dark bottles technique (for plankton) and the diurnal oxygen method ( for the community metabolisms). Also, the nutrient levels (PO4- P, NO3-N, NO2-N, and NH3-N) of the water were determined.
Results of the first phase showed that urea and superphosphate gave high standing crop in terms of the mean ash free dry weight, 70.42 g.m2 and 60.19 g/m2, respectively for the three sampling periods, February 1-12, 1979.
In the second phase, benthic production (lab-lab) accounted for the 60.25 percent of the primary productivity while the phytoplankton component of the experimental ponds contributed 39.75 percent from March 8 to May 17, 1979.
There was low correlation between benthic production and nutrient levels except for nitrate ( for NO3-N, r = 0.473; for NO2-N, r= 0.171; NH3-N, r= 0.62; for PO4-P, r= 0.198 at p= 0.05).
Fish production was correlated with benthic (lab-lab) production (r=0.40, p=0.05). Superphosphate gave the highest fish yield and-benthic production while the unfertilized pond gave the lowest fish yield and benthic production.-"

67. Marquez, Faith Espejo-Evaluation of rice bran and two pelleted diets as supplementary feed for milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) reared in brackishwater ponds. February 1987. 50 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1987 F5 M37). The effects of supplementary feeding on milkfish growth, production, survival, water quality, and economic benefits in brackishwater ponds was evaluated by comparing the use of rice bran containing 11.3 - protein and two pelleted diets containing 22.0 - and 27.4 - protein to an unfed control. The study was conducted for 142 days (January 27 to June 2, 1987) at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. Four 800 sq m. tide-fed ponds, subdivided into four quartes and containing water of 23-29oC and 35-47 ppt salinity were used. Each treatment was replicated into four pond compartments in a 4 x 4 completely randomized block design. Milkfish with an initial average weight of 1 g and stocked at 8,000/ha fed on the natural food for the first 80 days after which the fish with feed treatments were given the experimental diets for the next 62 days. The average weight and standing crop were 57 g and 417kg/ha respectively when feeding commenced. The use of any of the three supplementary feeds significantly (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatments. At the maximum standing crops attained, the-concentration of metabolites for all treatments was low but a significant increase (P<0.05) in levels of total carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2- N) was observed as biomass increased.-"
68. Mesa, Romeo C. Growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos Chanos Forsskal) fry in combination with prawn (Penaeus Monodon, Fabricius) fry at stocking ratio in brackishwater nursery pond. 1986. 50 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 M48) Growth and survival of milkfish fry stocked singly or in combination with prawn (Penaeus monodon, Fabricius) fry at varying stocking ratios were studied using twelve 144 sq. m. earthen nursery ponds at SEAFDEC Leganes Research Station, Leganes, Iloilo. Four Treatments namely Treatment I (all milkfish), Treatment II (2:1) milkfish to prawn) Treatment III (3:1) and Treatment IV (5:1) were tested in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. // Highest growth of milkfish fry, measured in terms of mean gain in weight was obtained in TreatmentII with mean gain in weight of 2.63 g after 45 days of culture, followed by Treatment III with mean gain in weight of 2.00 g. Treatment IV gave lower gain in weight of 1.81 than Treatment I, 1.85 g. Similarly, highest percent survival of 89.5 - was obtained in Treatment II. Treatments IV, III and I gave almost the same survival of 85.9, 85.8 and 85.2 - respectively.
On the other hand, mean gain weight of P. monodon fry was highest in Treatment III with a value of 1.13 g followed by Treatment IV, 1.05 g. Treatment II gave the lowest mean gain in weight of 0.96 g. Statistical analysis, however, showed no significant differences in growth and percent survival among treatments.
Physico-chemical parameters of the pond soil and water measured in all treatments during the 45 days culture period were within the critical values for milkfish and prawn fry culture. Gross community productivity for all treatments had the same trend and were not significantly different.
Based on the results of this study the economic analysis-showed that Treatment II (2:1 ratio of milkfish to prawn) is the most profitable stocking ratio. This treatment gave a net profit of P 3, 585.10 with a cost-benefit ratio of 1.76.-"
69. Nera, Jocelyn B-The effect of various sources of phosphorus on milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) production in brackishwater ponds. September 1983. 121 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 N47) This study was conducted from September, 1981 to February, 1982 using 18 earthen ponds of approximately 40 m2 at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC) of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas (UPV), Iloilo City. The effects of various sources of phosphorous fertilizer were evaluated on the physico-chemical and chemical properties of the pond water and soil, primary productivity and fish yield. The study included six treatments: 1 (control), 2 (urea only), 3 (urea + rock phosphate),4 (urea + solophos), 5 (urea + rock phosphate + solophos phosphate/ double P2O5 dosage) and 6 (monoammoniun phosphate).
Highest concentrations of available phosphorus in the soil were obtained in the double P2O5 dosage treatment. The available phosphorus was significantly correlated with soil pH and extractable iron. The average weekly concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate in water were significantly higher in the solophos (0.55ppm), double P2O5 dosage (0.45 ppm) and monoamonium phosphate (0.28 ppm) treatments than the rock phosphate (0.18 ppm) urea (0.20 ppm) and control (0.17 ppm) treatments. A positive and significant relationship of dissolved inorganic phosphate was observed with water pH, water-soluble iron and total alkalininity.
The average concentration of NH3-n in water was significantly higher in the monoammonium phosphate treatment (0.29 ppm) than others that also received the same amount of N though from urea. The concentrations in other treatments were : urea (0.13 ppm), solophos (0.11 ppm), rock phosphate (0.18), double P2O5 dosage (0.11) - and control (0.10 ppm).
The average weekly primary productivity measured by the three-point diel oxygen level was highest in the solophos treatment (16.72 ppm) and the lowest in the double P2O5 dosage treatment (14.79 ppm).
Highest net fish yields of 535.7 and 534.4 kg/ha were obtained in the control and urea treatments, respectively, but statistically they were not different from the yields obtained in other treatments. The average survival of the fish ranged from 83 to 100 - where the control and the double P2O5 dosage treatments had 100- survival rate.
Cost benefit analysis showed that the application of various sources of phosphorus fertilizers on milkfish production was profitable except for the solophos treatment which showed a net loss. Except the control and urera only the profit in other treatments were marginal and they showed a cost benefit ratio of almost 1.0.-"

70. Nwosu, Nwalozie Anderson.Effect of two basal application rates of mono-ammonium phosphate and different stocking densities on the milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) production in brackishwater Ponds. March 1983. 66 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 N96) The effect of two basal application rates of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer and three different stocking densities on milkfish production, primary productivity and some selected soil and water properties were studied, using six treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The experiment was conducted from July 5, 1982 to December 2, 1982 at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo.
Treatment I (50 kg MAP/ha basal and 3,000/ha stocking density) had the highest net production of 663.11 kg/ha, followed by Treatment III (50 kg MAP/ha basal and 6,000/ha stocking density ) with a mean net production of 559.16 kg/ha. TReatment IV (75 kg MAP/ha basal and 3,000/ha stocking density) had the lowest net production of 304.09 kg/ha. Generally, treatments with 50 kg MAP/ha basal application had higher net production than treatments with 75 kg MAP/ha basal application. There were significant differences between the two basal fertilizerrates and the three stocking densities used in this study. Treatment I gave significantly higher net production than Treatments IV, V and VI.
Percent survival obtained in all treatments was high ranging from 88.9 - to 100 -. On the other hand, growth measured in terms of meanweight gain was significantly higher in Treatment I than the other treatment combinations.
Primary productivity had the highest and lowest means of 18.7 and 15.4 ppm - O2 in Treatments II and IV, respectively. The mean weekly primary productivity was -not significantly differnt among treatments. Correlation analysis showed high correlation coefficient of 0.71 between primary productivity and net fish yield. // Based on the results of this study economic analysis showed that application of monoammonium phosphate (16-20-0) fertilizer at 50 kg MAP/ha basal and 30 kg MAP/ha subsequent application and 3,000/ha stocking density (Treatment I) is the most profitable with a net profit of P3,968.90/ha and a cost-benefit ratio of 1.65.-"

71. Odunwa, Hyacinth Ifeanyi-Effects of chicken manure and pig manure (Organic Fertilizers) applied at different frequencies on milkfish production. January 1986. 117 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 O38) An experiment comparing the effects of different frequencies of application of the same amount of chicken manure and pig manure on brackishwater pond productivity, milkfish yield and physico-chemical parameters of pond water and soil was conducted at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, UPV College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines.
The treatments were : 1 and 2, chicken and pig manure respectively, applied at 100 kg/ha five times a week; 3 and 4, chicken and pig manure respectively applied at 250 kg/ha two times a week; and 5 and 6, chicken and pig manures respectively, applied at 500 kg/ha once a week. The treatments were on moisture free or dry weight basis.
All physico-chemical parameters monitored showed general decrease in pH, increase in - organic matter, available phosphorus and total nitrogen for pond soil after the experiment while the water parameters fluctauted widely. Temperature and salinity plunged from 36.5oC and 40 ppt during the summer months to as low as 19.9oC and 15 ppt respectively with the on-set of the rainy season. Significant differences were observed in pond water pH, temperature (before sunrise and sunset), dissolved oxygen (before sunrise and sunset) and primary productivity which also showed consistent higher values in treatments with chicken manure than those with pig manure. The pond water color was affected by the heavy manure loadings but never showed trends of becoming soup-like in consistency.
The highest mean net fish yield of 547.63 kg/ha was obtained in treatment 5 while treatment 2 gave the lowest mean net -fish yield of 547.63 kg/ha. Fish condition factor ranged from as high as 1.02572 to as low as 0.99715. Generally, these are lower than most published values for milkfish. The percentage fish survival was considerably satisfactory ranging from 8.5 - to 98.3 -. Comparatively the use of chicken manure resulted in higher yields than pig manure, and in terms of application frequency, the once a week treatment for both manures were better than the two times and five times a week treatments.-"

72. Okoye, Fabian Chidozie. The effect of various rates of mono-ammonium phosphate (16-20-0) fertlizer application on milkfish production in brackishwater ponds. March 1982. 94 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 O46) The effects of various rates of basal and subsequent inorganic fertilizer (16-20-0) application on milkfish production, gross productivity, changes in the physical and chemical properties of the pond water and soil were studied using six treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatments consisted of two basal application rates, 50 and 60 kg/ha and three subsequent application rates, 30, 40 and 50 kg/ha.
The experiment was conducted from July 28 to October 27, 1981 in eighteen 100 m2 brackishwater pondds of the University of the Philippines Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo.
In general, treatments with basal fertilizer application of 60 kg/ha gave higher fish yield than treatments with basal application of 50 kg/ha. The highest fish yield of 595.9 kg/ha was obtained in Treatment D ( 60 kg/ha basal and 50 kg/ha at five subsequent applications) , 593.6 kg/ha and Treatment F (60 kg/ha basal and 40 kg/ha at five subsequent fertilizer applications), 507.3 kg/ha. Differences in fish yield among the treatments were not significant. The effect of subsequent fertilization in both 60 and 50 kg/ha basal applications did not show any difference. However, economic analyses showed that application of 60 kg/ha basal and 30 kg/ha at five subsequent applications with a total of 210 kg/ha is the most profitable with the highest net profit kf P 1,909.52/ha. The control treatment (50 kg/ha basal and 50 kg/ha at five subsequent applications with a total of 300 kg/ha) gave anet profit of P 785.30/ha. Percent survival, growth,-measured in terms of mean gain in length and weight of milkfish among treatments were not significant.
Average weekly gross productivity was higher in treatments with 60 kg/ha basal application than in treatments with 50 kg/ha basal application. Correlation analysis showed significant correlation between gross productivity and total fish yield.-"

73. Omoloyin, Olawale Jonathan-Evaluation of commercial fertilizers for milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) production in brackishwater ponds. March 1981. 84 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 O46) -The effects of commercial Fertilex(Fx-LBECM) and diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) on milkfish (Chanos chanos) yield, "lab-lab" quality, and physico-chemical properties of water and soil, were evaluated using four different treament levels in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments include I - Control, II - Fertilex, III - Fertilex with 18-46-0, IV - 18-46-0, in experimental ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Centre, Leganes, Iloilo. The study began on 25 January and ended 1 July 1980.
Average dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration in the treatments with Fertilex plus 18-46-0 and 18-46-0 was 0.20 ppm and 0.33 ppm, respectively, higher than in the control; while average concentration in the treatment with Fertilex alone was 0.03 ppm lower than control.
Ammonia nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the 18-46-0 and Fertilex alone treatments than in the control and Fertilex with 18-46-0 treatments. Numerically, average pH, total alkalinity and sunrise dissolved oxygen was higher in the control and 18-46-0 treatments than in the control and 18-46-0 treatments than in the Fertilex alone or Fertilex with 18-46-0 treatments. // The reduction in soil organic matter at the end of the experiment was higher in the control (0.7 -) and 18-46-0 (0.6 -) treatments than in the Fertilex alone (0.4-) and Fertilex with 18-46-0 (0.4 -) treatments. The increase in soilavailable phosphorus was higher in the Fertilex with 18-46-0 treatment than in other treatments. The total nitrogen and soil pH differed little among treatments-.
The highest net fish yield (828.2 kg/ha) was obtained in the 18-46-0 treatment. It was followed by the control (701.2 kg/ha), Fertilex alone (667.9 kg/ha) , and fertilex with 18-46-0 (596.3 kg/ha) treatments. Differences in fish yield between treatments were not significant, however. Milkfish growth, from length-weight relationship, was isometric in the control, negatively allometric in the fertilex alone and Fertilex with 18-46-0 treatments and positively allometric in the 18-46-0 treatment. The use of Fertilex alone or with 18-46-0 did not increase the milkfish production in this experiment and was negatively profitable. The cost benefit ratio in the control and 18-46-0 treatments was about double that in the Fertilex alone and ffertilex with 18-46-0 treatments.-"

74. Otubusin, Samuel Olu. The effect of duration of feeding on the production of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) in brackishwater ponds. February 1982. 35 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 O69) Twelve 500 m2 experimental ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo, Philippines were stocked with milkfish fingerlings (16.3 g average weight) at a rate of 4,000/ha to evaluate the effect of duration of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) for a culture period of 82 days (March 9 to May 29, 1981) Four treatments with three replicates each were used as follows : (I) Control, no supplementary feeding, (II) Supplementary feeding during the 3rd month of culture, (III) Supplementary feeding during the last two months and (IV) supplemental feeding throughout the whole culture period (3 months) in a completely randomized design. // The duration of supplemental feeding did not have any significant effect on the survival, growth, production and condition factor of milkfish. The average survival rates for treatments I, II, III, and IV were 96.4 -, 95.5 -, 92.8 -, and 95.6 -, respectively, while the growth rates were 1616.1 -, 1158.7-, 1417.1- respectively. The gross milkfish production/ha/harvest was highest in treatment I, 967.5 kg followed by treatment III, 816.8 kg; treatment II, 816.3 kg and treatment IV, 811.9 kg which was affected by a heavy intrusion of Tilapia mossambica. The mean condition factor values were the same for treatment I and II (0.86) but 0.84 and 0.85 for treatments III and IV respectively.
Cost and return analysis showed that milkfish production under the different durations of feeding at the stocking rate of 4000 fingerlings/ha was not profitable. Return on operating cost was highest in treatment I, 42.95 -. Losses were - incurred in treatments II, III, and IV were 12.18 -, 16.75 - and 10.13 - respectively. The abundant growth of natural food in the ponds ad the low stocking density of 4000 fingerlings/ ha, among other factors were advaced as the causes of the non-profitability of milkfish production under different durations of feeding.-"

75. Paler, Reynaldo P. Performance evaluation of a modified milkfish fry gear sweeper. May 1981. 45 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 P34)-The performance of a modified milkfish fry gear sweeper was evaluated through field trials. Initial test on the performance of the standard sweeper with different collecting bag floor support netting reveals that 0.20 mm mesh size, cotton yield a higher survival compared to 0.40 mm mesh size, polyester and 0.70 mm mesh size, nylon. generally, however, survival in all treatments was low. Based on the result of this test, a modified sweeper was designed and constructed.
Intermediate and collecting bag tests in the modified sweeper show that 0.20 mm mesh size, cotton and 0.40 mm mesh size, polyseter gave better survival compared to 0.70 mm mesh size, nylon as intermediate bag netting while 0.20 mm mesh size, cotton gave the highest survival as collecting bag netting. On the other hand, result of the dragging time test indicates no significant difference among the the dragging time compared namely ; 4, 8 and 12 minutes in terms of fry survival.
A comparison of the standard and modified sweeper reveals that the latter is the best in terms of fry survival.-"

76. Pudadera, Beato Jagunap, Jr. Growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) and prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) in a polyculture system. March 1980. 36 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 5 P84) Five different stocking combinations of milkfish and prawn were evaluated in 500-m2 brackishwater ponds of SEAFDEC station at Leganes, Iloilo from 18 September 1979 to 28 December 1979 as : (I) 2,000 milkfish/ha, (II)4,000 milkfish/ha, (III) 6,000 prawns/ha, (IV) 2,000 milkfish with 6,000 prawns/ha and (V) 4,000 milkfish with 6,000 prawns/ha.
Highest total production (463.64 kg) was obtained from treatment IV, followed by treatment II (442.08 kg), V (423.83 kg), and I (396.93 kg). The lowest total production (144.30 kg) which was the only treatment significantly lower than the others was from treatment III. No significant differences existed in different treatments. At both stocking rates, the monoculture of milkfish provided slightly higher production than the polyculture. The highest mean weight gain was obtained from treatment I. This was significantly higher than those of treatments II and V. The production and mean weight gain of prawn in the monoculture were significantly higher than those of treatments IV and V. The competition of prawn to milkfish was almost negligible, while milkfish exerted a greater competition to prawn.
A net income of P2,955.00/ha per crop was attained in the mo noculture of prawn because its price is 5 times higher than that of the milkfish. The polyculture of 2,000 milkfish and 6,000 prawns/ha was economically feasiblee with an estimated net income of P2,143.80/ha per crop. Although the polycultureof 4,000 milkfish and 6,000 prawns/ha gave higher production, it was not profitable due to the smaller size-fish which has lower-has a lower unit price.-"

77. Quinitio Gerald Fontelera. The effect of various salinity levels and stocking density manipulation methods on the survival of milkfish fry (Chanos chanos Forskal) during storage. May 1980. 42 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 Q85) The survival and growth of milkfish fry stored in plastic basins at different salinity levels and stocking density manipulation methods without aeration and fed with hard-boiled chicken egg yolk over a period of 14 days were determined. Results of this study reveal that survival arte and increase in body weight did not differ significantly (P>0.05) at different salinity levels nor at different stocking density manipulation method could not be statistically demonstrated. // The highest survival arte was 97.8 - at stocking density manipulation I with 8 ppt while the lowest was 95.5 - also at stocking density manipulation I with 32 ppt. Increase in length, however, differed significantly (P<0.05) at different salinity levels; in addition , a significant interaction (P<0.05) between salinity and stocking density manipulation could be statistically demonstrated. Increase in length was fastest at: a)Stocking density manipulation I at 16 ppt; b)stocking density manipulation II at 8, 16, or 32 ppt; and c) stocking density manipulation III at 8 or 16 ppt.-"

78. Samsi, Soleh. Effects of various protein sources on the growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) fingerlings in a controlled environment. .April 1979. 42 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 S26) -Chanos chanos (Forskal) fingerlings averaging 0.67 g each were fed containing various major protein sources, namely fish meal, meat and bone meal,shrimp-head meal, soybean meal, copra meal and ipil-ipil leaf meal at a rate of 6- (dry matter) of the total body weight daily, six days a week for a period of six weeks. Fish were stocked in eighteen 60-liter aquaria using a flow through system with a flow rate of 0.6 to 0.8 L/minute. Experimental diets were formulated to contain equal quantities of all essential nutrients with approximately 20- protein level and 2,400 kcal of digestable energy per kg diet. Results of the experiment indicated that animal proteins were better utilized by milkfish fingerlings than were plant proteins. Fish fed diets containing fish meal and meat and bone meal essentially gave significant (P<0.05) higher average weight gains than other treatments. Animal protein sources also gave significant higher survival rates than did plant protein. No significant differences in survival rates were noted among those fed the three animal proteins. Among the plant proteins, only soybean meal provided an acceptable level of growth and survival to the fish, while copra and ipil-ipil leaf meal apparently are not good protein sources, since the fish that received these diets weight and had very low survival. The feed conversion values of the animal protein diets were better than those of plant protein. Likewise, the fish meal diet gave the highest PER value-and was followed by meat and bone meal, shrimp-head meal and soybean meal. Copra meal and ipil-ipil leaf meal diets provided negative PER values.-"

79. Sastrillo, Mary Agnes Sardoma. Methionine requirement of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) juveniles. March 1990. 38 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 S2) Methionine requirement of milkfish at two dietary cystine levels was investigated using a 5 x 2 factorial feeding experiment. The basal diet containing 36 - protein composed primarily of soybean protein concentrate and free amino acids was supplemented with crystalline L-methionine so that dietary concentrations wer 0.24, 0.54, 0.84, 1.14, and 1.44 - and L-cystine to make dietary levels at 0.28 and 1.48 -. Milkfish juveniles with an average size of 0.21 g were stocked in 60-L rectangular glass tanks provided with recirculating water and fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks. A practical diet was formulaated to compare growth of fish with the amino acid test diets.
Breakpoint linear regression analysis of the growth data estimated methionine requirement at 0.98 - of the diet (2.7 - of protein) at 0.28 - dietary cystine. In the presence of 1.48 - cystine, methionine requirement was estimated at 0.54 - (1.5- of protein) suggesting that cystine reduced the dietary requirement for methionine. Significantly higher weight gain (P<0.05) was obtained when fish were fed higher dietary cystine level (1.48 -) at all levels of methionine than when fed diets with 0.28 - cystine. This suggests that methionine can not completely replace cystine.
Growth of fish fed practical diet was significantly higher than the growth of fish fed amino acid test diets (P<0.01). No significant difference in survival and feed conversion ratio was observed among test diets and practical diet.
Depression in growth of milkfish was observed when fish were fed 1.44- dietary methionine (4.0- of-protein), regardless of dietary cystine level, suggesting toxicity at this level of methionine. Eye cataract was not detected in fish fed methionine deficient diets after twelve weeks of feeding. -"
80. Seneriches, Mary Lynn Marte-The effect of fishmeal on the growth and survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fry. March 1987. 26 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1987 F5 S4) The effect of adding animal sources of protein in the diets of milkfish fry was assessed by adding graded levels of white fishmeal in diets containing corn gluten meal as the source of protein. Milkfish fry with an average weight of 8 mg were fed five diets formulated at 40 - protein and with the same proximate composition for six weeks at 10 - of body weight per day. Diet 1 was composed of corn gluten meal as the only protein source and essential amino acids found to be more than 10- lower than the profile of milkfish fry. Diets 2 and 3 contained corn gluten meal with fish meal contributing 15 - and 30 - of the protein, respectively. The mineral and fat soluble fraction equivalent to the amount used in diet 3 were extracted and added to the corn gluten meal basal diet in diet 4 and 5 respectively.
Growth was significantly higher (P<0.01)>0.05) from that of fish fed diets with 15 - of its protein from fishmeal (diet 2). Poor growth responses, survival and feed efficiency were observed in fish fed diets containing corn gluten meal as the only source of protein. Further supplementation of this diet with mineral fraction (diet 4) or fat soluble extract (diet 5) did not inprove these parameters of measure.
It is concluded that because of high biological value of fishmeal protein and the present inability to improve plant proteins to one- of comparable quality, diets for milkfish fry should include no less than 15 - of the protein from fishmeal to attain maximum growth, survival and feed efficiency.-"

81. Seraspe, Ebonia Balonon. Intensive feeding of milkfish fry (Chanos chanos Forskal) in net enclosures using complete and incomplete diets at various protein levels. April 1979. 61 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 S47) Twenty-six net enclosures (approximately 1 m3) suspended in a brackishwater pond were used to grow milkfish fry (0.01 g average weeight) to fingerling (0.75 g average weight) for 64 days to determine whether supplemental feeding will increase growth and survival of fry; whether it is best to give vitamin-enriched feed and what level of protein is considered optimal for milkfish fry. Suitability of net enclosure for rearing milkfish fry was also assessed. Four levels of crude protein (20-, 30-, 40- and 50-) in complete and incomplete formulations were evaluated and assigned randomly among the experimental units. feeds were given in fine crumbles, at 8 - to 6 - of total body weight on a dry basis for six days a week. Survival was higher in complete diet regime than in incomplete diet regime but there was no significant difference with regards to growth. Forty percent (40-) was foundto be the optimum level of protein for maximum growth of the milkfish fry. Limitations fro rearing fry in cages were met such as fouling of the net, low water interchange in thee net, increased labor costs for handling, feeding and cage maintenace.-"

82. Seraspi, Ebonia B. Intensive feeding of milkfish fry (Chanos chanos forskal) in net enclosures using complete and incomplete diets at various protein levels. 1979. xi,61 leaves:11 figs.,3 tabs.-Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-College of Fisheries, UPV, Iloilo. Location: SEAFDEC-AQDL; UPVCFOSL (LG995 1995 F5 S47); UPVML; UPV-BACL-Twenty-six net enclosures (approximately 1 m3) suspended in a brackishwater pond were used to grow milkifish fry (0.01 g average weight) to fingerlings (0.75 g average weight) for 64 days to determine whether supplement feeding will increase growth and survival of fry; whether it is best to give vitamin-enriched feed and what level of protein is considered optimal for milkfish fry. Suitability of net enclosures for rearing milkfish fry was also assessed. Four levels of crude protein (20-,30-,40- and 50-) in complete and incomplete formulations were evaluated and assigned randomly among the experimental units. Feeds were given in fine crumbles, at 8- to 6- of total body weight on a dry weight basis for six days a week. Survival was higher in complete diet regime than in incomplete diets regime but there was no significant difference with regards to growth. Forty percent (40-) was found to be the optimal level of protein for maximum growth of the milkfish fry. Limitations in rearing fry in cages were met such as fouling of the net, low water interchange in the net, increased labor costs for handling, feeding and cage maintenance.-"

83. Sumagaysay, Neila S.-Effects of dietary energy and fiber on protein utilization of supplemental feeds of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) reared in brackishwater ponds. July 1988. 46 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 S9) -The study explores the nutritive value of fiber in supplemental feeds for milkfish. The exepriment was designed so that all four treatments involved equal loads of protein - N (6 g/kg fisah/day) at two energy levels and varying fiber loads. The use of fresh chicken manure, containing 17 - protein served as the control treatment (1). Treatment 2 involved the use of diet with protein and energy content similar to thet of chicken manure. Chicken manure and diet 2 were given at ahigher rate (3.5 - compared to 2.4 - of body weight as ash free dry matter), so that tha daily protein-N load would be similar to the 25 - protein diets in Treatments 3 and 4. Nitrogen free extract (NFE) in diet 4 was largely replaced by fiber in diet 3 so that if fiber has the same energy value as NFE, diets in Treatment 3 and 4 would be isocaloric and Treatment 2 would have the highest energy load. Rice hull provided the bulk of dietary fiber. The experiment was conducted in four units of 800 sq m earthen ponds, divided into four quarters. Milkfish juveniles with an average initial weight of 29 g were stocked at 7000/ha. After three months of culture, milkfish growth and production and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher (P<0.05)>0.05) was observed with other feed treatments (600 kg/ha - Treatment 2 ; 619 kg/ha - Treatment 4). Proper feed efficieny (5.8) was observed in fish -exposed to 25 - protein diet (3.6) The lack of difference between Treatments 3 and 4 suggests that energy is not limiting in the high fiber diet (Treatment 3) but additional fiber (Treatment 2) does not further imrove growth. Higher feed and manure load did not adversely affect water quality. It is concluded that adequate protein is needed for the proper utilization of fiber and that the final choice of protein and fiber levels to use in the diets would depend on cost.-"

84. Syam, Rajuddin. Growth and survival of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) fry in a closed recirculating system with various food sources. October 1984. 68 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 S93) A 45 day feeding experiment using a water-recirculating system was conducted to detrmine the growth, survival and body composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)from fry to fingerling in a 45 day culture period utilizing formulated feed, Artemia chlorella as food sources, singly or in combination with each other. The experiment had a total of seven treatments with four replicates.
The formulated feed only or in combination with Artemia and Chlorella (Treatments A, B, C and D) resulted in higher weight gains of 129.22 mg, 94.83 mg, 77.64 mg and 73.94 mg, respectively, and percentage weight gains of 648.12 -, 467.77 -, 396.30- and 362.27 -, respectively. Those fed Artemia singly (Treatment F) and in combination with Chlorella (Treatment G) had weight gains of 55.48 mg and 36.50 mg respectively, and percentage weight gains of 280.89 - and 202.37 - respectively. Those differences were found to be highly significant (P<0.01).
Fry fed diets F (Artemia only), G (Artemia plus Chlorella) and C (Arteemia plus formulated feed) had higher survi val rates of 44.78 -, 42.38 -, and 39.12 -, respectively, which were not significantly different from each other (P>0.05). They wer significantly different (P<0.01) from Diets A (24.74 -), B(19.57 -), and D (29.57 -). Fry given Diet E (Chlorella only) suffered from complete mortality during the fifth week culture period.
The level of water parameters were considered to be within optimal range for the milkfish fry. The correlation coefficients between the level of each, ammonia, dissolved oxygeen, nitrite, nitrate and-mortality rate were not significant (P>0.05).
Within Diets F, G, and C, the level of body fats of the fingerlings were 2.94 -, 2.01-, and 1.96 -, respectively, and moisture contents were 70.43-, 68.69 -, and 68.11 -, respectively. There were found to be higher than those in Diets A, B, and D.
The overall results showed poor growth and survival of the fry. Among the factors identified which contributed to low survival are lack of any prophylactic treatment and residual level of ammonia which resulted from insufficient replacement of water in the sumps.-"

85. Tabbu, Marlo Yap. Polyculture of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) with green mussel (Perna viridis Linnaeus) in brackishwater ponds. July 1981. 52 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 T32) A preliminary study was conducted to find out the feasibility of culturing green mussel (Perna viridis Linnaeus) with milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) in brackishwater ponds.
The treatments were : (a) monoculture of milkfish at 3,000 fingerlings/ha, (b) polyculture of milkfish and mussels at 3,000 fingerlings/ha and 680,000 mussel spat/ha. Culture was by plankton method (60 cm water depth) for milkfish and horizontal hanging for the mussels.
A significant differce in the mean body weight of milkfish between the two treatments was obtained. The monoculture yield a mean total milkfish production of 332.13 kg/ha, while in polyculture, 310.45 kg/ha of milkfish production was harvested. In one polyculture pond, a recovery of 52.1 - was obtained from the mussels for a total harvest of 110 kg. The mussel condition index was 38.87 - which is a little below the marketing level of above 40 percent. based on the final harvest of the milkfish, the total yield was found to be lowest where the recovery of mussel was highest. This could be a result of insufficient food supply. A relation between the gross photosynthesis measured by the open water method and milkfish yield was observed in both treatments. The linear correlation was significantly higher in polyculture than in monoculture ponds. // Results gave encouraging indication that mussels could bee grown together with milkfish in brackishwater ponds. It was noted that for milkfish-mussel polyculture to be successful, proper water exchange and circulation should be observed through tidal flushing and with the use if - necessary of water pump.-"

86. Thomforde, Hugh. Effects of chicken manure and supplementary feed on production of milkfish and red tilapia in polyculture in brackishwater earthen ponds at different stocking densities. September 1987. 64 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1987 F5 T56)-The use of fresh chicken manure and pelleted feed of similar proximate composition as nutrient inputs in brackishwater ponds, was evaluated using milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) and red tilapia (Oreochromis spp. Philippine strain) in polyculture (about 1:1 ratio) at two stocking rates (6254 and 6973 fish/ha).The fish were cultured for 99 days in 137 m2 quadrants of six 550 m2 earthen ponds, didvided by nets and polyethylene sheets, in a 2 x 2 factorial incomplete block design (each pond stock at a single density). Fish were exposed to the treatments when natural food became apparently limiting after 42 days of culture. Pond water temperature was 27o - 39oC nd salinity was 35-37 ppt. Significantly higher production and harvest weight was observed in the feed treatment for both tilapia and milkfish. The differences in daily growth of tilapia between the feed and manure input was larger at high density (44 - vs. 24 - difference). Growth of milkfish on feeds (1.6 g/day) was significantly greater than on manure (1.3 g/day) only at high density. Manure conversion at 2.75 dry input/kg yield was significantly higher than feed conversion (1.67) but both values were not affected by stocking rate. Milkfish exposed to feed exhibited significantly higher feeding and hepatosomatic indices but no such difference was observed for tilapia. Significantly higher fiber digestion was observed with manure loads. Tilapia survival (70-89 -) was significantly lower at high density. The results indicate better utilization of manure by milkfish than tilapia. Cost analysis of the use of feed-and manure in fishpond culture show that within the range of current prices in the Philippines use of manure is more profitable, but the advantage of one over tha other would depend upon regional and seasonal differences in availability and cost. Error within treatments was reduced by using randomized complete lock design with ponds as blocks. The effect of treatments on water quality parameters is discussed.-"

87. Torres, Catherine Santos. The effects of furnace on the gill structure of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forskal) fingerlings. April 1979. 49 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials; UPV-BACL LG995 1979 F5 T6) ;SEAFDEC-AQDL-The 96 h LC50 of furnace to milkfish (Chanos chanos) fingerlings was calculated at 1.70 ppm with 95- confidence limits of 1.52 - 1.89 ppm. Histologicaly, the effects of 0.25, 0.50,1.00,2.00,2.00,2.30 and 2.50 ppm drug concentration on the gills were examined. Fish exposed to all these test levels for 96- h and transferred to untreated seawater for 240 h exhibited an initial characteristic reaction of slight hyperplasia of the epithelium, together with clubbing at the tips of the gill lamellae. Histological findings, however, do not warrant application of the estimated 96 h LC50 which lies between 1.50 and 2.00 ppm. These two test levels manifested irreversible damage until 240 h of recovery in fresh seawater.-"

Mussels

88. Aypa, Simeona Vicencio Moyano. Various factors affecting recovery and growth rate of transplanted mussels, Perna vividis (Linne). April 1980. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 A96)-One hundred twenty thousand green mussel, Perna viridis (Linne) spats ranging in size from 15 t 21 mm in length were collected at Sapian Bay, Capiz. They were transplanted in Canas Bay, Ajuy municipality, Iloilo province, Philippines and suspended from a raft using four different types of substrates, namely: abaca or Manila rope (Musa Textilis), cabo negro (Arenga sacchariifera), sasa or nipa (Nipa fruticans) and polypropylene blue rope. Five stocking densities: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mussels per meter rope was evaluated. The experiment was conducted from January 8 to April 23, 1978. Growth rate, recovery, optimum stocking density, optimum water depth and rope durability were determined. Results show the feasibility of farming mussels in areas without natural spatfall by spat transplantation. For a 12 mm diameter rope, a stocking density of 200 to 300 mussels per meter rope gave a standardized production of 0.66 kg per 100 mussels stocked, recovery rate of 52.7 to 54.42 per cent and a groth rate of 9.8 mm per month in 100 day culture period. Marketable size mussels over 50 mm in length with condition index of 47 per cent were obtained which compared favorably with those from natural spawning grounds.-"
89. Baylon, Carlos Clemente, January 20, 1953-. Larval rearing and settlement of the green mussel, Perna viridis. May 1988. 118 leaves. Dissertation—Ph D. Biology and Living Resources—University of Miami, Florida, USA. Location: CFOSL (LG 996 1988 F5 B38) Abstract: Larvae of the green mussel (Perna viridis) were reared in the laboratory to determine optimum conditions for growth, survival and settlement. In the test for the most suitable diet with sixteen algal species, Isochrysis aff galbana (TI) gave the best larval growth although it was not significantly different from Skeletonema costatum, Pavlova lutheri, Emiliania huxleyi and Isochrysis galbana (Iso) From the biochemical analysis of the algal diets and correlation with larval growth, a significant positive correlation between algal lipid content and growth of the mussel larvae was obtained. Feeding with single and mixed algal diets for three weeks resulted in significant differences in survival of the mussel larvae but no significant difference was observed among larval growth rates.
In establishing the optimum feeding level for the mussel larvae, maximum shell length was obtained at a ration of 2,500 cells/larva/day of Isochrysis aff galbana (TI) for 70 and 82-um larvae and at a ration of 5,000 cells/larvae/day for 190-um larvae. Rearing the mussel larvae at 5 larvae/ml produced the highest growth and survival and at 50 larvae/ml, the lowest growth and survival were obtained.
Of the ten substrate materials tested for suitability to larval settlement, cotton had the highest number of settling larvae although this was not significantly different from the other substracts such as acrylic yarn, nylon, plastic screen, sisal and jute. sUbstrate materials with rough surfaces had higher larval settlement compared to those with smooth surfaces. In an attempt to enhance larval settlement, Y-amino-n-butyric acid was added to the larval cultures, but this did not result in a significant increase in larval settlement compared with the control treatment.

Oceanography

90. Cebu, Emilio H. Temporal Variabilities of Some Oceanographic Parameters in the Nearshore Waters of Miag-ao, Iloilo. April 2000. 114 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 C42) -This study sought mainly to analyze the frequencies at which oceanographic variables, specifically, the significant variations, ranges or proportion of variations, the association among properties and, as an added consideration, the classification of sediments in the study area. Field sampling was conducted for five days near the Ocean Weather Laboratory project station in UPV, Miag-ao, Iloilo. Plain spectral analysis was used to analyze the variations and to explore relationships among variables. Various peridicities were revealed, most interesting of which were the shorter cycles (<12h) unfamiliar in oceanographic literature. Some degree of correlation did exist among variables which help explain the dynamics of their associations. Sediments in the study site were found to be predominantly sand which movements were correlated to the combined forces of the wind and tidally-induced current. A sampling advice was derived from this study for the benefit of government agencies and interested researchers.-"

Oyster

91. Gallego Amalia B.-A study on bacterial purification of oysters using different sterilization methods for seawater. November 1985. 88 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 G34) Bacterial purification of the Philippine slipper-shaped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei was studied using various sterilization methodsof seawater, i.e., chlorination, PVP-Iodine, UV, ozone and doublesand filtration using single filtered seawater as control. Their ability to kill total coliform and bacteria in raw seawater before application on the depuration of oysters was measured. Subsequent effects of the sterilized water on the efficiency of depuration among test oysters were quantitatively measured daily for five days by estimates of total coliform and total bacterial count from pooled tissues of depurated oysters and tank water. The test for total coliform for oyster and water followed the procedure for the Most Probable Number (MPN) multiple fermentation method. Summer and rainy season runs were conducted. Oyster depuration after water treatment was conducted in marine woodentanks 1054 x 826 x 457 cm in plastic mesh depurationtrays measuring 356 x 354 x 102 cm deep in a continous flow system. Results showed that all water treatments including the control were efficient in depurating oysters. From an initial contamination level of 413 and 1,600 total coliform MPN/100g significant reduction to acceptable level of less than 230 coliform MPN/100 g was achieved in 24 hour. Further coliform reduction was observed after 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr. likewise, reduction in total bacterial count to levels below the accepted standard of 100,000 cells/g was obtained in all treatments. The lowest bacterial load , however, did not reduce below the 10raised to 3 or 10 raised to 4-values for the summer and rainy seasons, respectively. Oyster depuration was efficiently carried out under the following environmental conditions: temperature: 26-29oC; salinity: 28.3- 33.6 ppt; dissolved oxygen: 2.7 - 5.1 mg/1; pH:P8- 8.2 and ammonia : 0.02- 0.1 ppm. Oyster survival during depuration was not significantly affected yielding mortality rate of less than 1 -. Although UV proved to be the most effective water treatment for reduction of bacteria innate in seawater, a comparison of cost efficiency of test methods indicate that using a single sand filtered seawater can be expensive.-"

Panulirus ornatus

92. Lasola, Ninnette T. Some aspects of the biology and fishery of panulirus ornatus fabricius 1798 off Zamboanga, Philippines. April 1994. 96 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Panulirus ornatus, Biology, Fisheries, Zamboanga, Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1994 F5 L3) A total of 1233 Panulirus ornatus were caught by bottom set gillnet from Labuan and Limpapa, the two study areas were sampled and monitored from March, 1988 to February, 1989. There was no significant difference between the catch rates in the two sampling sites.
The lobster fishery showed distinct seasonality during the one-year sampling period, showing single peak from October to March. Catches began to decline in April-June period and regular sampling activities conducted from July to September confirmed unavailability of P. ornatus. The data collected were supplemented by information obtained from record of fish dealers (brokers).
The fishing gear used was highly size and sex selective. The size of the lobsters caught ranged from 74-114 mm CL. Consequently, length-weight relationship were not conclusive. However, the sizes of lobsters caught in Labuan were bigger than those caught in Limpapa despite the use of gears with the same specifications. This is however, not an indication that there are more than one population of lobster in the area. This might be due to possible differences in available shelters and habitats between the two sites, migratory behavior of resident lobster in each site, or both. The sex ratio is biased in favor of the males (1:0.25) but this may also be attributed to behavioral differences between sexes, migration habits and reproductive activities. Only six berried females were caught and their estimated egg production are presented and compared to other studies.
The size of P. ornatus were positively correlated with depth of -capture. However, high abundance appeared to be limited to an intermediate depth (100-180 m). Temperature showed no correlation with lobster abundance while salinity readings were almost constant during the study.
The socio-economic profile of fishermen in the study sites is also presented and the contribution of lobster fishing to their total income is discussed.-"
Post harvest Technology
93. Plete, Corazon Piquero. Development and storage studies of smoked-dried frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard, L). April 1985. 167 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 P48)-A smoke-dried product from frigate mackerel had alonger shelf life than the commercial sample. The process was improved by reducing the Aw by salting and drying. Formulation studies showed that the combination of brining (30 minutes) and drying (9 hours) gave the most acceptable product. A one-minute dip in 5 - K- sorbate gave an acceptablee residue of 0.07-0.08 -.
The Aw of the product taken by the sorption isotherm method was greater than 0.93; hence, theoretical methoods recommended for high Aw measurements were employed. The method of Lupin et al., (1981) and Doe et al., (1982) gave AW of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The values were higher than the Aw of 0.956 from Luffts Aw value analyzer.
At storage, both packed and unpacked samples were found acceptable after a week at ambient. The former was rejected to microbial spoilage, whereas organoleptic deterioration led to the latters rejection. Histamine level of the product was shown safe for human consumption.-"
94. Calanoga, Esterlita D. Legaspi. Spoilage pattern of Valamugil seheli, Forskal and Liza subviridis, valenciennes, stored in ice-October 1986. 146 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 C34) Shelf life studies of mullet, Valamugil seheli, (Forskal, 1775) and Liza subviridis, (Valenciennes, 1836) stored in ice showed that the fish have a storage life of 22 and 29 days respectively.
A total bacterial count of10 +4/g on day 1 in ice was obtained in V. seheli caught from Manila Bay at Naic, cavite which had increased to 10 +7/g for Trial I and 10 +9/g for Trial 2 at rejection day. L.subviridis netted from naujan lake, Oriental Mindoro gave acount of 10 +4/g at the initial stage of storage which increased to 10 +8/g at rejection for Trials 1 and 2. Sulphide producers for V. seheli was 15-49- of the Total Viable Counts at rejection.
Total Volatile Base-Nitrogen showed a direct relationship with storage time and was found to be a satisfactory quality index for mullet. Both species had a TVB-N value of 33-42 mg TVB-N/100 g at rejection. K-value as an index of fish quality for mullet was found unsatisfactory; the K-value fluctuated after two weeks of storage in ice from 84- to 64- at rejection for V. seheli and 88- (19d) to 44-68- (30d) for L. subviridis.
Torrymeter reading in two species of mullet proved to be a useful aid in monitoring fish quality. Torrymeter reading for V. seheli ranged from 11 at the initial storage to about 5 atvrejection (22 d), while for L. subviridis, the reading decreased from 10 at day 2 to around 5 at rejection (29 d).
Preliminary identification of spoilage organisms from ice-stored V. seheli indicated that the major spoilers were Pseudomonas spp. which comprised 58- of the non-black colony and 59 - of the black colony- (sulphide producers). The second major groups were Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and Chromobacterium (38 - non-black and 23 - as black colony). All isolates of Alteromonas putrefaciens were found as sulphide producers. Other minor organisms detected were Acitenobacter and Enterobacter.-"
95. Nieto, Marceliano B. Factors affecting the ripening and flavor of bagoong alamang (Shrimp Paste) (Acetes sp.)-October 1982. 145 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials(LG995 1982 H6 N54) The procesing of bagoong alamang, salt-ripened shrimp paste prepared from Acetes shrimp was studied in order to obtain practical indications regarding optimum salt-to-shrimp ratio, time of delay prior to salting and length of ripening. Chemical indices including a-amino N, volatile N, volatile acids and pH were monitored during fermentation as well as the sensory qualities of the product. Relevant test such as microaerophilic count, moisture count, salt content, Aw and astaxanthin measurements were also undertaken.
The results obtained indicated the following: Effect of Salt-to-Shrimp Ratio. The aroma and taste developed better in the less salty samples, i.e.,in the 1:6 and 1:7 ratios but the 1:6 was chosen optimum. The product had a salt content of 13.2 - and Aw of 0.86. Ripening was hindered with increasing salt and the 9-day period was not enough when 1:3, 1:4 and even 1:5 ratios were used. Volatile acid contents were generally the same in all samples but the amino N and volatile N were inversely affected by salt content. The atypical smell present in the fresh alamang dissappeared faster with decreasing salt and vice versa.
Effect of Time of Delay Prior to Salting. The delay of 7 hours after catch at ambient temperatures (28 +- 2oC) gave the best product in terms of aroma and taste. This was characterized by volatile acid content of 2.86 mg/g, amino N of 10.58 mg/g, volatile N of 1.78 mg/g and pH of 6.7 after 9 days of fermentation. The volatile acids was found responsible for the cheesy smell. Using fresh alamang, aroma was very weak because of low -volatile acid content. Using longer delays, off-smell of ammonia and sulfides become more and more pronounced.
The volatile acids formed at a rate of around 0.5 mg/hour in the raw, unsalted alamang but was very much hindered upon the addition of salt and occurred at a rate of 0.03 mg/day in the sample salted with 1:6 ratio. The rates of increase of the amino N and volatile N were affected by initial concentrations as a result of salting delay. A pinkish color formed when 2 to 3 hour old alamang were used and reddish-purple characterized by the Munsell notation 10 RP 5/4 and 10 RP 6/3 when delay was 5 hours or more.
Effect of Ripening Time. Using a 1:6 salt to shrimp ratio and delay of 7 hours at ambient, a ripening period of 5 to 7 days at room temperature (31 +- 2oC) was found optimum for the development of aroma and taste. Volatile acid content was around 2.70 mg/g, volatile N ranged from 1.72 to 2.40 mg/g, a-amino N was around 10.00 mg/g and pH was between 6.5 to 6.7.
The bulk of the volatile acids was pre-formed. The cheesy aroma, however, appeared only after a day of ripening simultaneous with the drop of pH to the acid side. Mainly acetic acid comprised the volatile acids found. The formation of amino N and volatile N levelled off towards the end of the 9-day ripening period implying feeback inhibition. The bacterial counts were composed mainly of the original flora surviving in the product and not those growing. There were enormous gas production during the first 4 days of.ripening. the reddish purple color formed already on mixing and did not change markedly anymore.//Consumer evaluation of the standardized product against market samples revealed very high preferences for the former in terms of aroma. The natural color of the bagoong alamang was also highly acceptable.-"
Prawn
96. Abeto, Mario N.-The effect of common table salt added in different levels of water salinity as culture medium on growth and survival of prawn larvae, Penaeus monodon Fabricius. September 1989. 90 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas-Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1989 F5 A24) A study was conducted on the effect of common table salt added in waters of different salinity levels used to determine the survival rate, developmental stage, and carapace length of Penaeus monodon larvae from zoea one to post larva one. The following treatmentss which were adjusted to 33 ppt by adding varying amount of common table salt were: treatment 1 (8 ppt + 29 g/1), treatment 11 (13 ppt + 23 g/1), treatment 111 (18 ppt + 17 g/1), treatment 1V (23 ppt + 11 g/1), and treatment V (28 ppt + 5/g). Natural seawater with salinity of 33 ppt was used as control. Certain key ions like Na+, CL-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were analyzed in each treatment. A sharp drop of popuation in all treatments was recorded in the first 5 days of the zoeal stage. Treatment V gave the highest survival rate (25%), but not significantly higher than treatment !V (20.5%) and control (18%); however, significantly higher than treatment III (10.5%) and treatment II (6.5%) at P<0.05. None of the larvae survived in treatment I after 5 days. Larvae exposed to treatment V had completed post larva one in 11 days (growth index 7). this was not significantly different, however, from those obtained from the control (growth index 6.6) and treatment IV (growth index 6.3). the lowest growth index value which was significantly lower than treatment V was obtained from treatment II and treatment III (growth index 6.0) During the first sampling, carapace length in treatment I reached 0.47 mm, succeeded by the following treatments: III (0.43 mm), II (0.42 mm), and (0.40 mm). Treatment IV and control gave similar results (0.30 mm). After 2 days, rate of increase of CL had shifted from lower to high ionic concentrations culture media. At the end of the study the following carapace lengths were obtained: 1.2 mm for treatment V, 1.15 mm for control, and 1.08 mm for treatment IV. Values obtained from treatment II (0.94 mm) and treatment III (0.98 mm) were significantly lower than treatment V (1.15 mm). Rearing waters with higher concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ (control, treatments I, and II) showed better growth rate and percent survival than those media with realtively lower concentrations (treatments I, II, and III). The addition of common table salt to low saline waters, however, did not compensate for the loss of physiologically important ions needed fro growth and survival of prawn larvae.-"
97. Alava, Rosario Viloria. Effect of light quality and ablation on ovarian maturation in pond-reared Penaeus monodon Fabricius. April 1979.. 75 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 A4) Adult-size Penaeus monodon from fishponds were subjected to one of the following treatments: (1) blue light (435 mu), (2) red light (640 mu), (3) natural light, and (4) natural light plus unilateral eyestalk ablation. Unablated prawns under blue and natural light developed Stage III ovaries while those exposed to red light reached only Stage II ovaries. Unilateral eyestalk ablation resulted in fully mature ovaries and spawning. Histological examination revealed shorter ovum diameter distribution and presence of large numbers of atretic cells in Stage III ovary under blue light diffentiating it from those under the other treatments. No distinct color differences in ovaries characterized prawns under the blue (Stage II and Stage III) and red (stage I and Stage II) light treatments in contrast to similar and distinct changes in the other two treatments. The maturation stage index was high for ablated prawns (2.11-3.50) compared to the unablated groups (1.11-1.56). Increases in mean gonadosomatic indices were highest in ablatedd prawns exposed to natural, blue and red lights.-"
98. Alava, Veronica Ramos. Study on the quantitative dietary protein requirements of Penaeus monodon juveniles in a controlled environment. October 1979. 50 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 A4) -Two separate feeding experiments were conducted using 54-liter rectangular wooden-galss aquaria to detrmine the optimum dietary protein requirement of Penaeus monodon juveniles. Two batches of eight isocaloric diets each were prepared to contain 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% protein. P. monodon averaging 0.35 g were stocked in 40 liters of seawater at the rate of 20 per aquarium (Experiment I). They were fed with the first batch diets containing casein as sole protein source at 10% of the biomass for a period of 56 days. During this experiment, cannibalism was intense and uncontrollable, therefore, Experiment II was conducted wherein shrimps averaging 1.32 g were stocked individually in ten 2-liter perforated plastic containers placed in each aquarium filled with 30 liters of seawater. Shrimps in the latter experiment were fed the second batch diets containing casein, soybean meal, squid meal, fsh meal and shrimp meal as protein sources at 10% of the individual body weight for the first two weeks and 8% for the reamining four weeks. Sand-gravel filtered seawater in which salinity ranged from 32 to 34 ppt and temperature varied from 27 to 32oC was allowed to flow continously at a rate of 0.8 to 1.0 liter/minute. Results of these experiments indicate highest weight gain with diets containing 40 and 45% protein. Lower gains were observed in shrimps fed lower or higher this range. Best feed conversion, protein effeciency ratio and survival were also obtained from these levels. This indicates that a dietary level of 40 to 45% protein is optimum for growth, survival and feed efficiency.-"
99. Alviola-Posadas, Ruth. The effect of salinity on the maturation and spawning of ablated Penaeus monodon (Fabricus)-March 1986. 56 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas-Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 A4) .Wild immature female Penaeus monodon (mean) body weights of 133 g were stocked with mature males at 5-6/m3 (mean body weights of 82g) in three 12 m3 maturation tanks with salinity level of 15, 25 and 32 ppt. All the females were unilaterally ablated. Replicate runs were done over a 24 day period and the suceeding2 runs over a 34 day period.
Daily average maturation stage index of the female population was highest at 25 ppt. (1.47) followed by 15 ppt at 1.41 and 32 ppt at 1.29. However, there were no significant differences among treatments. Histological observations showed significant differences in the frequency of various egg types (perinucleoalar oocytes, yolky oocytes and oocytes with cortical rods in various stages among treatments) . It was observed that egg type frequency at different ovarian sections(thraic, anterior abdminal and posterior abdominal) and diameters of egg types at different maturation stages did not differ significantly among treatments. The spawning study showed no significant differences in the hatching rate of females from the different maturation spawning salinity combinations. However, hatching rates were observed to be highest at 32 ppt followed by females matured at 25ppt and spawned at 32 ppt. Eggs from females matured at 15 ppt did not hatch at all spawning salinities. Egg from females matured at 25 ppt showed increasing hatch rates with salinity, 2.44- at 15 ppt, 13.49- at 25 ppt and 33.74- at 32 ppt. Spawners matured at 32 ppt showed 0.0- hatching rates, 3.07- and-41.07- hatching rates at 15, 25 and 35 spawning salinity, respectiely. These results that ablated P. monodon can mature and spawn at 15,25 and 35ppt but requires a 32 ppt salinity incubation and hatching of eggs. Maturation salinity treatments affect significantly the egg type frequency of spawners at different oarian stages. This species cannot tolerate a shift in salinity from 7to 17 ppt from maturation to spawning as in 32-15 ppt; 15-25 ppt;15-32 ppt maturatin-salinity treatment combinations.-"
100. Apud, Florentino D.-Effects of water movement and aeration system on the survival and growth of hatchery bred sugpo (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) in earthen nursery ponds. July 1979. 83 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 A67)-An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of water movement and airlift aeratin on the survival and growth of Penaeus monodon fry reared from P4 P5 to P32 P33 in earthen nursery ponds. Sixteen 192m2 pods were utilize. Complete withreseroir ponds,water supply/control/screening and aeratin facilities. Four treatments were tested as flows:Treatment A, Flow-through 6hr/day, without aeration;B, Flow-through 6hr/day+6hr/day aeration;C, Flow-through 3hr/day=6hr/day aerationadn D, Flow-through 3hr/day, without aeration. A dry formula feed containing 54.7- crude protein was given starting the second week of culture period at the rate of20- of estimated prawn biomass. The amount was reduced to 10 and 8- by the third and fourth week, respectively. Higher survival rates were attained in treatments B and C(68.8-and 61.8-, respectively) compared to treatment A (51.6-) and treatment D (46.0-). Aeration(Factor B) showed a significant results (P<0.10)>0.10) relationship with survival. No interaction effect was observed between factors A and B. In terms of growth, the final average body weight varied inversely with survival, so that treatment B obtained the lowest mean weight of 365 mg, followed by C, 393 mg;A 420 mg; and D, 478 mg. The differences, however, were not significant, thus, total prawn bimass was still directly related to survival. Overall results showed a more promising results for treatments B and C in terms of survival and total-yield compared t treatments A and D. Simple economic analysis, however, showed better economic viability for treatments A and B oer C and D.-"
101. Asuncion, William Mercado. Effects of the periodic feeding on the production of sugpo (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) in brackishwater ponds fed either in combination or singly with commercial feed and trash fish. March 1990. 73 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 A8) -The effects of daytime and nighttime feeding on the production of sugpo (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) fed either singly or in combination with commercial feed and trash fih were evaluated in eighteen-400 square meter brackishwater ponds of the Zamboanga State College of Marine Science and Technology, Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City from October 6, 1988 to February 6, 1989 (120 culture days) at a stocking density of 50,000 fry/ha. The different treatments with three replicates each were as follows: (I) commercial feed at daytime; (II) commercial feed at nighttime; (III) trash fish at daytime; (IV) trah fish at nighttime; (V) commercial feed and trash fish at daytime; (VI) commercial feed and trash fish at nighttime. High significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) were found on periodic feeding and interaction effect. The highest production was obtained in treatment II with 830 kg/ha followed by I with 702 kg/ha, treatment VI with 570 kg/ha, treatment V with 507 kg/ha, treatment I with 243 kg/ha and the lowest was treatment III 226 kg/ha. Treatment II was found to be the best among the treatments in terms of production, survival rate, net income, and net profit margin.
102. Bombeo, Isidra Bona. The effects of densities of two food organisms on the rates of survival and development of Penaeus monodon from napliius-VI to post-larval-I. May 1980. 35 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 B66) -Experiments were conducted at the Filed Laboratory using 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks each containing 25 nauplii (N6) to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of Tetraselmis chuii and Chaetoceros calcitrans on the survival and development of Penaeus monodon nauplii (N6) to postlarvae (P1). The concentrations was 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 x 10 4 cells/ml for T.chuii; 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 15 x 10 4 cells/ml for C. calcitrans. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used. A total of two trials were conducted. In T. chuii, the optimal concentration was 2.5 x 10 4 cells/ml for zoeae; 5.0x 10 4 for M1; 7.5 x 10 4 cells/ml for M2 to P1. The first postlarval stage (P1) was reached on the 8th eand 9th day for those fed 10 and 7.5 x 10 4 cells/ml, respectively. It took 11 days to reach the P1 stage in concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 x 10 4 cells/ml. For Chaetoceros-fed larvae, a concentration of 5.0 x 10 4 seemed optimal for zoeal stages; 7.5 x 10 4 cells/ml for M1. Starting at M2 onward, survival rate was highest at 10 x 10 4 cells/ml. Above this concentration no statistical significance in survival rate was attained. Postlarvae (P1) emerged for the first time on the 9th day at 10 and 15 x 10 4 cells/ml; on the 11th day at densities of 5.0 and 7.5 x 10 4 cells/ml.-"
103. Bongo, Nerisa G. Effects of green mussel (Perna viridis) on water quality in shrimp (Peneaus monodon) ponds. April 1994. 84 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1994 F5 B6) -A study to test the efficacy of green mussel, Perna viridis in improving the water quality in shrimp ponds was conducted at the U. P. in the Visayas Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo using six one thousand square meter earthen ponds from July 23, 1993 to November 4, 1993. Two treatments: Treatment 1- shrimp only and Treatme nt 11- shrimp and mussel were tested in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Penaeus monodon juveniles were stocked at 5/m2 while mussels were stocked at 100,000/ha following the rope suspension method in bamboo rafts placed at 2 corners in the pond. Water and soil parameters were monitored and analyzed during the culture period. Growth and survival of P. mondon and mussels were measured. Results of the study showed that ponds with mussel have lower levels in particulate organic matter, BOD, and algal density higher transparency and higher dossolved oxygen than treatment without mussel. However, differences between treatments were not significantly different. Regression correlation analysis with particulate organic matter showed significant results with BOD, dissolved oxygen, nitrite-nitrogen, zooplankton, transparency, temperature and salinity. Correlation between particulate organic matter and other water and soil parameters were not significant. Growth of shrimps in treatment 11 was better compared to tre
104. Calumpang, Rene T. Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus levels in brackishwater ponds: monoculture of Penaeus monodon L. and polyculture of Penaeus monodon L. with Chanos chanos F-June 1999. 80 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1999 F5 C34) The biggest contributor to the nutrient flow for all ponds was from the soil, both as a sink and as a source for both nitrogen and phosphorus. A majority of the nutrients were unaccounted: input for phosphorus and output for nitrogen. Other pathways, not quantified in the experiment, may have played significant roles in the determination of an accurate nutrient balance.
Polyculture had a definite effect on the nutrient flow both for nitrogen and phosphorus. Unaccounted phosphorus inputs of the polyculture ponds were higher compared to the monoculture ponds. Polyculture reversed the nitrogen flow from an excess nitrogen output in the monoculture ponds. The presence of milkfish was able to counteract the effects of overfeeding through probable consumption of excess feeds.
FCR in the monoculture ponds were lower compared to the polyculture ponds. This may have been caused by the possible consumption of commercial shrimp feed by milkfish.
The commercial feed used in the experiment had a greater effect on the nutrient flow for the polyculture ponds most probably due to the larger quantities introduced. The ecological advantage of polyculture should be assessed against the possible negative economic effects.-"
105. Cholik, Faud. -Study on the effects of different densities of artificial shelters on the survival and growth of sugpo fry (Penaeus monodon) fabricius in nursery pond. 1978. 75 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-Graduate Faculty, UPS-Iloilo. Location: SEAFDEC-AQDL;UPV-BACL;UPV-CFOSL (LG995 1978 F5 C56). The effect of varying densities of artificial shelters made of coconut leaves on the survival and growth of fry of sugpo (Penaues monodon Fabricius) were tested in an experiment conducted in twelve 100 m2 earthen ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center with concrete trenches and collecting basins. Postlarvae of sugpo used in this study were collected from the wild which were mostly at P14 to P16. The different densities of artificial shelters tested were as follows: 1 shelter/m2 (Treatment I), 1 shelter/2 m2 (Treatment II), 1 shelter/4 m2 (Treatment III) and no shelter (Control).
Results of the experiment indicated that the effect of shelters was significant on survival but not on growth although growth of fry was apparently better in ponds with denser shelters. In this particular study, the mean survival rates of fry attained on a per treatment basis were: 90.86%, 82.00%, 64.98% and 66.25% for Treatments I, II, III and Control, respectively. It was also observed that the use of concrete trenches and collecting pits was effective in retrieving the juveniles at harvest.
106. Combras, Nilda Uy. Effect of Artificial Substrate and Supplementary Feed on the Production of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) in Extensive Culture System. April 1991. 69 leavews. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 C64) The study was conducted at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Institute of Aquaculture, U.P.V. College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo to determine the effects of artificial substrate and supplementary feed on the growth, survival and production of Penaeus monodon in an extensive culture system.
The experiment utilized twelve 200 sq. m. experimental brackishwater ponds. Four treatments were tested in a Randomized Complete Block design with 3 replicates. The treatments tested were : 1. Treatment I (Artificial Substrate Only), 2. Treatment II (Supplementary Feed Only) 3. Treatment III (Combination of Artificial Substrate and Supplementary Feed) and 4. Treatment IV (Control no substrate and no supplementary feed).
Treatment II (Supplementary Feed only ) and Treatent III (combination of artificial substrate and supplementary feed) had significantly higher growth (P<0.05) over control, Treatment IV (no artificial substrate and no suppleentary feed) and Treatment I (artificial substrate only) Treatment III (combination of artificial substrate and supplementary feed) gave the highest mean survival which was highly significantly higher (P<0.01) than Treatments I and IV. Treatment IV gave the lowest mean survival rate which was significantly lower than all other treatments. Mean production of Treatment II and III were significantly (P<0.01) higher than Treatments I and IV.-"
107. Corre, Kaylen Gonzales. Polyculture of the tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) with Nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica Linnaeus) in Brackishwater fishponds. April 1983. 48 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 C67)-A study was conducted in fifteen 500 m2 ponds at SEAFDEC Leaganes Research Station, Leganes, Iloilo from October 30, 1981 to March 1, 1982 to detrmine the growth, survival and production of Penaeus monodon in polyculture with Tilapia nilotica and the extent of competition between P. mondon and T. nilotica in brackishwater ponds. The treatments consisted of: I. Prawn at 6,000/ha, 11. Tilapia at 6,000/ha, 111. Tilapia at 4,000/ha, IV. Prawn at 6,000/ha plus tilapia at 6,000/ha, and V. Prawn at 6,000/ha plus tilapia at 4,000/ha. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used. Treatment V gave the highest total production (283.32kg/ha) followed by Treatment IV (221.24 kg/ha). Treatment I had the lowest total production. Analysis of variance on total production showed significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments. Polyculture treatments (Treatment V and IV) were not different in terms of production but signficant differences were observed between polyculture (Treatment V) and monoculture treatments (Treatment I, II and III). Mean net production of prawn alone was highest in Treatment V followed by Treatment I and Treatment IV, but were not significantly differrent between treatments. A similar trend was observed on the mean weight gain and percentage survival of prawn. Mean net production of tilapia was relatively low in all treatments. The low production of tilapia could be due to low survival (33% to 52%) and slow growth. Competition between prawn and tilapia at stocking combination of 6,000 tilapia/ha was evident. Total yield polyculture was better than monoculture. Polyculture of prawn at 6,000/ha and tilapia at 4,000/ha appeared feasible.-"
108. De la Cruz, Aklani Rose Gamboa. Quality assessment of shrimps (Penaeus mondon) cultured by intensive and extensive methods. May 1992. 132 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 D4)-Effects of intensive and extensive methods of culture on the quality of harvested shrimps for export were evaluated. Microbiological quality (total plate count or TPC, E. coli counts, identification of microflora andd detection of human pathogens) of six pond waters using intensive (Ponds 1, 3 and 5) and extensive (Ponds 2, 4 and 6) methods of shrimp culture were monitored during the pre-stocking of larvae, at the middle of culture period and at the end or before harvest. Quality of newly harvested shrimps, when stored in ice were assessed by microbiological (total plate count, identification of microflora and detection of human pathogens such as vibrio spp. and samonella), chemical (K-value, pH, amino acid nitrogen and proximate composition) and sensory evaluation (raw and cooked shrimps) tests. The microbial quality of waters from ponds using intensive and extensive methods were then correlated with the quality of harvested shrimps. Differences among the samples were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with interaction at P<0.05. Total plate counts (TPC's) and E. coli counts of pond waters were significantly affected by the culture method and stage of culture. The use of animal manure, particularly in extensive culture method, affected the TPC and E. coli counts of water only at the initial stage of culture. Microflora of pond water is not affected by the culture method used. All pond waters were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Bacillus at the initial stage of culture; Enterobacteriaceae, pesudomonas and Vibrio at the middle; and predominantly Enterobacteriaceae at the end of culture. Pathogens such as vibrio spp. and salmonella were also detected regardless of method used. TPC's of newly harvested shrimps were significantly higher in samples from extensive culture ponds but not during storage in ice. Initially, microflora of shrimps harvested from intensive culture ponds were domianted by Bacillus, Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas while extensive culture ponds were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. TPC's of shrimps were significantly higher than TPC's of water. However, no correlation could be established between the microflora of shrimps and that of the pond water. K-value, AA-N and pH of shrimps stored in ice had high correlation with storage time. However, these were not significantly affected by the culture method used. Proximate compositions of shrimps showed significantly higher protein and moisture contents on shrimps culture by intensive method while higher fat content on shrimps cultured by extensive method. Ash content of shrimps was not affected by the method of culture.-"
109. De la Vega, Arlene Manalo. Pigmentation of Penaeus mondon: distribution and retention of astaxanthin. August 1989. 59 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1989 F5 D4)-The relationship between visual coloration of Penaeus monodon and the different culture system of varying food base and the total carotenoid and free astaxanthin content in the tissue was investigated. Prawn samples were collected from ponds characterized by, traditional, extensive and intensive culture (with a production of <300,>4500 kg.ha respectively. Subsamples consisting of twenty prawns each were taken from three ponds of each culture system. The degree of pigmentation decreased with increasing culture intensity and decreasing contribution of natural food. The visually judged coloration based on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 represents teh lightest coloration and 5 means maximum pigmentation, were 3.43, 2.57 and 1.33 for raw and 3.33, 2.57 and 1.17 for cooked prawns collected from traditional, extensive and intensive ponds, respectively. The levels of total carotenoids were 188.8, 76.8 and 17.3 ug/g while the free astaxanthin were 40.4, 33.0 and 9.6 ug/g in the carapace of P. monodon from the traditional, extensive and intensive system respectively. Visually, the intensity of natural coloration and the red coloration after cooking paralleled the relative differences in the levels of total carotenoids and free astaxanthin (correlation coefficients with carapace were +0.86 and +0.78, respectively). In another, study the involvement of astaxanthin in the conversion between light brown and blue prawns cultured in intensive ponds was assessed. Prwans from an intensive pond in Negros Occidental, having about 38% blue prawns were exposed to adiet containing 12 ppm astaxanthin. The concentration of total carotenoids, free astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester and astaxanthin diester in the carapace of blue prawns were 19.8, 9.7, 1.7 and 5.3 ug/g respectively while that of light brown prawns were 32.8, 11.9, 7.8 and 14.2 ug/g respectively at the start of the experiment. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in the percentage of blue prawns from the original 38% to 2% had been observed after twelve days of feeding the astaxanthin-enriched diet. The level of total carotenoids and the various forms of astaxanthin increased by about 25% after treatment, whereas that of blue prawns which remained blue even after treatment remained the same or even decreased in some cases. Another sutdy was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of astaxanthin in the feed that will impart the desired coloration of P. monodon and retention of dietary astaxanthin but feed related problems have been encountered giving poor results. The results obtained from these studies suggest that pigmentation of cultured prawns is dependent upon teh presence of dietary carotenoids, specifically astaxanthin. The inclusion of at least 12 ppm astaxanthin in the diet is required to achieve the acceptable coloration of P. monodon.-"
110. Dejarme, Henry Espina. Effect of feeding four geographical strains of Artemia and Brachionus Plicatilis on the survival and growth of Penaeus monodon myses and postlarvae. April 1982. 40 leaves.Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 D45 ) A completely randomized design experiment was conducted to test the effect of different geographical strains of Artemia on the survival and growth of P. monodon myses and postlarvae. P. monodon were reared for a period of 15 days at 30 per liter initial stocking density in 20-L conical plexiglass tanks. They were fed a single diet of Artemia nauplii from Australia provided the highest survival (24.37-), followed by Brazil strain (21.53-), Utah (18.67-) and lastly, San Pablo Bay (14.67-). However, statistical analysis for survival rates transformed to arcsine scale showed no statistical difference. Highest growth, in terms of developmental stages and presented as larval growth index (LGI) was 7 (postlarva 5) but a greater proportion of the harvested postlarvae had an LGI of 5 (post larva 3). Analysis of variance for growth likewise showed no significant difference.
An additional treatment diet consisting of adult Brachionus plicatilis was included in the experiment as this endemic zooplankton is routinely fed to myses and newly metamorphosed postlarvae of P. Monodon. rates of survival (0.80-) and growth (postlarva 2-3 or LGI =4.75) were not comparable to any of the Artemia strains tested.
It is concluded that Artemia nauplii from geographical strains are alike in food value for P. monodon myses and postlarvae. It is concluded that B. plicatilis, an excellent larval food for mysis, is inadequate for the latter postlarval stages.-"
111. Dela Peña, Dioscoro T.,Jr.-Effect of Different Levels of Aeration and Mechanical Agitation on the Development and Survival of Penaeus Monodon Fabricius Larvae. December 1982. 53 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 D44) The experiment was conducted in the Small-Scale Hatchery Laboartory, Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), in Tigbauan, Iloilo from September 1981 to September 1982.
The first phase of the experiment evaluated the effect of different aeration (air flow) levels on the growth and survival of Penaeus monodon larvae from nauplius to postlarva 5. No significant difference in survival was obtained among the air flow rates used except at 0 l/min. Highest survival of 29.8 - was obtained from air flow rates 1.575 +- 0.061 l/min followed by 26.11 - at 1.100+-0.111 L/min, 25.97 - at 0.454 +- 0.022 L/min and 3.22 - at 0 L/min. There was no significant differnce in growth using the combined analysis of experimental runs. However, at 0 L/min air flow rate, metamorphosis of the larvae was one day delayed using the analysis per run.
Phase II of the experiment evaluated the effect of mechanical agitation on the growth and survival of P. monodon larvae. Mechanical agitation was effected using paddles powered by an electric motor (1/3 HP, 1725 rpm) with an accessory reduction gear and pulley system to produce a final speed of 3.5 rpm. Mean survival rate was highest with aeration (control, 29.40 -) followed by treatment withcontinous agitation (23.24 -). Differences between these two treatments were not significant but significantly higher than with intermittent agitation. No significant differnces in growth of P. monodon using aeration, continous agitation and intermittent agitation was observed.
Lowest dissolved oxygen recorded for -both experimental phases were above the critical level. At 0 L/min air flow rate lowest dissolved oxygen value was 2.0 ppm and for intermittent agitation was 3.3 ppm.-"
112. Destajo, Warnita H. Fish meal and shrimp head meal as major dietary protein sources for Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) Juvenile-July 1979. 60 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 D48) Four isonitogenous, isocaloric supplemental diets containing various levels of fish meal and shrimp head meal were fed to penaeus monodon juveniles stocked at a rate of 3/m2 in 500 m2 brackishwater earthen ponds to evaluate their effects on the growth response, survival and body composition of P. monodon juvenile grown to marketable size for a period of 15 weeks.
There were no significant differences (P<0.05) in terms of growth, feed conversion ratio, survival and production of prawns fed the four experimental diets. However, diet B gave best growth followed by diets C, D and A. Similarly, feed conversion ratio of diet B was the best. Next, in descending order, were diets A, C and D. Diet A provided the highest survival rate followed by diets B, D and C. The total production and income above feed cost were highest for prawns receiving diet B and were followed indecreasing order by those fed diets A, D and C.
Prawn fed diet B had the highest body protein content and were followed by those fed diet C, then, diets A and D which were approximately equal. Lipid content was lowest for those fed diet A and were nearly the same for those fed the other diets. However , the body as contents were high for those fed diets A and D and low for those fed diets B and C.
Although no significant differences were found among the various treatments, results of this study indicated that the diets containing the combination of fish meal and shrimp head meal as animal protein sources were better utilizedby shrimp than when the animal protein was substituted totally by either fish -meal or shrimp head meal. The combination in which 2/3 animal protein composed of fish meal and 1/3 of shrimp head meal was found to be the most efficient and economical feed.-"
113. Estrellada, Ronnie Pamatong. A contribution to the biology of the deep-sea prawn, Heterocarpus gibbosus Bate, 1888 (Family Pandalidae) caught by traps in inner Davao Gulf. January 1992. 83 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 E8) Hetrocarpus gibbosus population in the inner waters of the Davao Gulf, Philippines was studied. Based on the results of the study conducted fro December 1989 to November 1990, H. gibbosus was found in abundance at depths between 300-400 meters and in lessr concentration at depths of 0-100 meters. They are causght throughout the year with peak abundance during May and June. Females predominate males in all depths and all months with an average sex ratio of 2.14:1 with no evidence of protandry. Ovigerous individuals are caught throughout the year but the peak is observed from January to March. Generally size distribution and abundan ce are correlated with depth of water. Sizes of prwn increases but abundance decreases as depth increases. Size at first maturity was computed at 21.0mm CL. Length frequency analysis using ELEFAN produced estimates of growth parameters as Loo = 41.0 mm CL, K = 0.85 per year and mortality is estimated at Z = 3.93. The estimated average catch rate in the inner Davao Gulf is 143 grams per hour per trap of Heterocarpus gibbosus.-"
114. Eya, Alita Eulatrez. Ovarian maturation and hatching rates of pond-reared Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards at different salinity levels. May 1985. 48 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 E83) Pond-reared Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards) were subjected to different salinity levels in tanks for two months to test the effect of salinity on ovarian maturation (number of spawnings), fecundity and hatching rates of eggs.
The total number of spawnings was not significantly different (at 5- level) at various levels of salinity (22, 32 and 42 ppt). However, differences in the fecundity and hatching rates were highly significant (P<0.01). Highest number of eggs per spawning per female and hatching rate (61,562 eggs and 69.18 - respectively) were obtained at 32 ppt. Fecundity was lower at 42 ppt than at 22 ppt (17,103 vs. 29,630 eggs, respectively), but the hatching rate was significantly higher (43.02 - vs. 26.51 -, respectively). Percent survival of P. indicus broodstock was also significantly different (P<0.05) at various levels of salinity (46.94 - at 22 ppt, 72.51 - at 32 ppt and 88.89 - at 42 ppt).
Successful maturation without eyestalk ablation and reproduction of the pond-reared P. indicus in tanks can be made possible as long as water quality is maintained close to that of good open water. The species can tolerate relatively higher levels of salinity even during its reproductive phase. However, this study indicated that at 32 ppt salinity maturation was easily attained with higher fecundity (61,562 eggs), hatching rate (69.18 -) and survival (72.51 -) than in other levels of salinity tested.-"
115. Fernandez, Pepito M. Effect of stocking densities on the growth and survival of wild and hatchery-produced sugpo (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) fry in nursery ponds with artificial shelters. July 1979. 65 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 F47) A study, consisting of two experiments, was conducted at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC) of the U.P. College of Fisheries, Leganes, Iloilo from October 5 to November 17, 1978: (1) to determine the effect of various stocking densities on the growth and survival of wild and hatchery produced sugpo, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, postlarvae in brackishwater nursery ponds provided with artificial shelters, and (2) to evaluate the usefulness of artificial shelters for sugpo fry in nursery operation. Stocking densities tested were 25, 50, and 75/m2 for the wild fry and 15, 30, and 45/m2 for the hatchery produced postlarvae.
Growth rate of postlarvae taken from the wild differed significantly (P<0.10)>0.10). Mean recovery rates ranged from 84.0 - to 93.6 -, with the stocking density of 25 fry/m2 producing the highest. Aside from increasing the surface area of each pond by 40 -, the artificial shelters served: (1) as mechanical aids for the postlarvae to escape from predation and cannibalism, (2) as substrates for food and additional grazing areas, (3) as substrates for the obligate clinger postlarvae, and (4) to ...-moderate the stirring effects of water movements and heavy downpours that could have created turbid conditions unfavorable for the postlarvae and the biological productivity of the ponds.
Growth and survival for the hatchery-produced postlarvae could not be ascertained as a result of the very low survival obtained. Mass mortality of the stock was believed to have occured shortly after stocking time.-"
116. Figueroa-Bombeo, Ruby. Growth and survival of Penaeus monodon and Chanos chanos fry fed with Artemia singly or in combination with artificial diet. March 1983. 48 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 F54) Average total length (26.91 mm) which are significantly different from other treatments. Best feed conversion of 9.52 was obtained with fry fed pulverized diet which is significantly different from the feed conversion of fry fed with moist diet alone. Protein efficiency ratio of milkfish fry fed with Artemia is significantly higher than the other treatments. Survival was highest with those fedwith Artemia (48-) but this is not significantly different from those fed with other diets. Milkfish fry with an average weight of 20.7 mg prefer Artemia witha size ranging from 1 to 2 mm. An experiment was conducted to compare growth and survival of prawn and milkfish fry fed with Artemia, artificial diet and the combination of Artemia and artificial diet in a 1:1 ratio. Penaeus monodon postlarvae and Chanos chanos frywere reared for 30 days at 15/liter stocking density in aquaria and white basinsrespectively. There was no significant difference in average final weight of prawn postlarvae fed with Artemia and moist diet (0.09 g) compared to other diets except with postlarvae fed with moist diet alone (0.02 g). Postlarvae fed with Artemia+ moist diet had the highest average length (25.71 mm) but this was not significantly different from the average length of postlarvae fed with Artemia + pellet and Artemia alone. Postlarvae fed with pelletized diet had a feed conversion ratio of 1.52 which is significantly different from the feed conversion of postlarvae fed with Artemia but not with other treatments. Protein efficiency ratio of postlarvae fed with Artemia and pellet (4.09) was significantly higher than those of all other treatments. Survival of postlarvae was highest (64.45-) whenfed with pellets which is significantly higher than other diets except those fedwith Artemia and pelleted diet (54.07-). Prawn postlarae (PL7-10) prefer Artemia with a size ranging from 3 to 5 mm. Artemia fed milkfish fry have the highest average body weight (0.14 g) and -"
117. Gomez, Dennis Kaw. Prevalence of Hepatopancreatic Parvo-Like Virus (HPV) Infection in Hatchery-Reared Penaeus Monodon Postlarvae in Panay. April 1998. 39 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 G6 ) Analysis of survey data of shrimp Penaeus monodon postlarval stages (PL12 to PL19) recorded at SEAFDEC, AQD Fish Health Laboratory from hatcheries in Panay (1993 to 1996) indicated that low HPV infection prevalence that ranged from 1.2 - to 13.3 -. While postlarval samples (PL1 to PL19) from three hatcheries in Iloilo also showed low prevalence of HPV infection ranged from 7.8 - to 26.4 - (50PL/L). These findings were based on histological examinations of hepatopancreas stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The earliest postlarval stage found infected was PL3. The presence of hypertrophied nucleus in the hepatopancreas tubule epithelial cell diagnostic of HPV intranuclear inclusion body is indicative of HPV infection.
Histological method (H&E and Feulgen stains) was significantly (P<0.01) better than impression smear in the diagnosis of HPV infection in Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL3 to PL29) reared at two stocking densities (25 and 50 PL/L). This study showed low diagnostic suitability of Giemsa impression smear and advantage of histological method when HPV infection prevalence is low. // There was no significant increase in the mean prevalence of HPV infection in postlarval stages at two rearing densities.-"
118. Hamid, Azwar-The Effect of Management Practices in Intensive Prawn Culture on the Organic Matter Level of the Water ways, Province of North Sumatra, Indonesia.-December 1991. 77 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 H345) -The effect of management practices in intensive prawn culture system on the organic matter level of the waterways of North Sumatra (indonesia) was assessed February 7, 1991 until August 6, 1991. This was made from 5 sampling periods and 3 sampling stations. Results show increasing trends in Biological Oxygen Demand, phytoplankton density, soil sedimentation, Carbon/Nitrogen (-), Nitrogen Total (-), Phosphorus available, potential acidity and acetate soluble sulfate; and decreasing trends in Iron-available, and Aluminum-exchangeable ions over time. Correlations of these parameters and the two pond management practices (feeding rates and water exchange) show trends of highly significant adverse effect on the environment.-"
119. Hamid, Noor. Effect of pH on Ammonia Toxicity and Its Influence on Survival and Growth of the Early Larval Stages of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). October 1991. 65 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 H34) Acute and chronic toxicity of ammonia at different pH levels (7.0, 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5) and its effect on growth and survival of the early larval stages of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) were determined. An increase of ammonia toxicity when the water pH increases was revealed in 96-h acute test. Estimated LT50 decreased frrom 101.09 h to 25.16 h for zoea at 8 ppm, 115.79 h to 11.26 h for mysis at 24 ppm and from 51.41 h to 22.58 h for PL of P. monodon when pH increased. In a 16 day pH-ammonia combination chronic test, it was indicated that 3 ppm and 6 ppm ammonia exposure effect both survival and growth of P. monodon larvae. Survival was decreased by 27 - in 3 ppm and by 48 - in 6 ppm ammonia compared to control while growth was reduced by 4.4 - in 3 ppm and 6.5 - in 6 ppm compared to control. Increasing pH of the water resulted to significantly lower survival in zoea, mysis and postlarvae of P. monodon. Growth stage was not significantly affected by the difference of pH, based on growth index measurement.-"
120. Hossain, S.M. Zahangir.-Effects of microbound diets containing various animal : plant protein ratios on the larval development and survival of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). May 1990. 84 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 H68) The effects of control live food (Skeletonema costatum + Artemia salina) and four types of microbound diet (MBD) with different plant and animal protein ratios were tested on the survival and development of prawn, P. monodon, larvae from the zoea1 to postlarvae1.
Preliminary runs (December 28, 1989 to January 10, 1990) were terminated earlier than the required period due to high larval mortality caused by the prolonged low temperature (24o-26 oC), weak larvae with less feeding tendency and infection of larvae by luminous bacteria (Vibrio sp).
The results of the final run (March 5-19, 1990) showed that feeding of microbound diets with prawn larvae delayed metamorphosis by 1 to 2 days than live food. The differences of larval development between the live food and MBD1 were insignificant (P<0.05)>0.01) from the rest MBD. The required to complete each alrval substage for each feeding treatment were significantly different (P>0.01). The larval survival rates for the live food (41.14 -), MBD1 (36.55 -) and MBD2 (32.92 -) were not significantly different (P<0.05),>0.01) from MBD3 (27.38 -) and MBD4 (9.38-). The MBD3 also showed significantly higher survival than MBD4 at 1 - level.
Apparently, the larval survival rate was directly related withbthe larval growth but inversely with the days of rearing period. The formulated diets (MBD) with 45.6 - to 48.4 - protein levels showed no profound effects on the survival and growth of the larvae.
The least costs MBD with higher animal protein contents-(MBD1 and MBD2) showed faster larval development and better survival than diets (MBD3 and MBD4) with lower animal proteins. Results also indicated that the higher levels of squid meals in feeds (MBD1 a nd MBD2) gave higher survival rate and faster growth of larvae and metamorphosis as compared to feeds with more than 15 - of soybean meal and 7 - of white fish meal (MBD3 and MBD4). The inclusion of skim milk was found advantageous over white fish meal in presence of squid and acetes meals.-"
121. Isorena-Morales, Minerva. The effects of methanol-soluble extracts, amino acids and their derivatives on the feeding response of juvenile prawns (Penaeus monodon Fabricius). June 1990. 46 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 I86) The chemostimulant activity of methanol-soluble extracts from several aquatic animals and soybean meal, and crystalline form of alanine, arginine, proline, glutamic acid, glycine, betaine and taurine which are the major components of the extracts were evaluated in juvenile prawns, Penaeus monodon Fabricius. The feeding response index to, and the amount of feed consumed, of diets containing the extracts or amino acids and derivatives were the bases for evaluation.
Diets containing extracts of marine worm, prawn head, and mussel meat, elicited a significantly higher feeding response index (P<0.05)>0.05) from the rate of consumption for diets containing other extracts. Extracts of soybean meal and squid were least consumed, having no significant difference (P>0.05) from the consumption rate of starch control pellets.
Results showed thay gly is the major stimulant for P. monodon, followed by bet and tau. Any two combination of these three elicited greater stimulation than just one, but the combination of these three in the diet did no enhance feed attractability and consumption. The least concentration required for gly-tau was 0.02 M gly + 0.02 M tau as feeding attractant but 0.04 M gly + 0.04 tau is required to stimulate maximum feed consumption. For bet-tau mixture, 0.04 M bet + 0.02 M tau is the optimum concentration for feed attraction while any of the-following concentration will stimulate feed intake : 0.04 M tau + 0.16 M bet; 0.04 M bet + 0.16 M tau or 0.08 M of both. Other chemical stimulants evaluated did not effect effect positive feeding activity in P. monodon. The omission of the glu and arg increased feed consumption significantly, suggesting deterrent or repelling properties of these amino acids. These results showed that feeding receptors of P. monodon recognize gly, bet and tau as stimulants, and may suggest that a stereo-specificity at the receptor surface of prawns for these amino acid and derivatives.-"
122. Janeo, Rosy Lumajen-Effects of feeds on the particulate organic matter content of water of prawn ponds at two stocking densities-April 1993. 103 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1993 F5 J3) A study was conducted to determine the effects of feeds on the particulate organic matter of prawn ponds at two stocking densities in a Split-split Plot Design. The stocking densities were 32,000/ha (Trt I) and 68,000 (Trt II). Four 1-ha ponds were used and divided into two sampling points, the downwind (S) and upwind (N) corners while sampling was done before (M1) and after (M2) water exchange.
Feeding significantly increased the level of particulate organic matter in the water but did not appreciably increase the organic matter content of the soil. Results obtained on correlation of particulate organic mater with the physico-chemical parameters of the soil and water showed a highly positive correlation with Biochemical Oxygen Demand, NH3-N, NO2-N, phytoplankton density, chlorophyll and soil organic matter while a highly negative correlation was observed with dissolve oxygen.
Correlation analysis on particulate organic matter with other physico-chemical parameters like temperature, salinity, pH, phosphate and total nitrogen gave a low and not significant coefficients (P>0.05).
Analysis of variance further showed significant differences between management levels but not with treatments and wind directions in almost all of the parameters analyzed.-"
123. Kanindot, Victorina Morrok. Effects of direct and indirect stocking on growth, survival and production of Penaeus monodon postlarvae in grow-out ponds. April 1992. 53 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 K35) The effects of direct and indirect stocking on growth, survival and production of Penaeus monodon postlarvae in grow-out ponds were studided using twelve 400 sq. m. brackishwater ponds of the Zamboanga State College of arine Sciences and Technology, Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City from May 22, 1991 to September 22, 1991 with a stocking density of 5 fry per square meter. Three treatments namely Treatment I (direct stocking in pond), Treatment II (indirect stocking, one week holding in hapa net then release in pond) and Treatment III (indirect stocking, two weeks holding in hapa net then release in pond) were evaluated in a Completely Randomized Design with four replicates.
Highest growth of prawn, measured in terms of mean agin in weight was attained in Treatment I with mean gain in weight of 33.83 grams after 120 days of culture, followed by Treatment II with mean gain in weight of 32.34 grams. Treatment III gave the loewr gain in weight of 31.59 grams.
Similarly, highestpercent survival of 67.76 - was obtained in Treatment I followed by Treatment II with a value of 65.57 - and the lowest Treatment III (46.45 -). On the other hand, production (kg/ha) of Penaeus mondon aws highest in Treatment I (1, 145 kg/ha) followed by Treatment II (1, 060.11 kg/ha) while Treatment III obtained 735.59 kg/ha. Statistical analysis showed significant differnces in growth, mean percent survival and production among treatments, but no significant difference on feed conversion ratio at 5 - level.
Physico-chemical parameters of the pond soil and water measured in all treat--ments during the 120 culture days period were within the tolerable range of prawn culture.
Based on the results of this study the economic analysis showed that Treatment I (direct stocking) to be the best among treatments in terms of net income and net profit margin.-"
124. Lusica, Nancy M.-The effects of nitzschia closterium on the survival and development of Penaeus monodon from zoea-1 to postlarva-1. April 1982. 43 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 L37) Penaeus monodon were reared from Z1 to M1 and from M1 to P1 using Nitzschia closterium at various feeding levels. Concentrations employed were 15, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 x 10 raised to 3 cells/ml.
Algal density of 100 x 10 raised to 3 cells/ml seemed optimal for zoeal stages, where highest survival of 65.22 - was obtained. However, not all larvae passed into mysis as compared to zoeae fed at higher densities (150-250 x 10 raised to 3 cells/ml).
Feeding concentrations of 150 x 10 raised to 3 cells/ml also seemed optimal for mysis. Larvae fed at this feeding level yielded a high survival percentage of 62.22 and a faster rate of development. All larvae reached P1 on the fourth day of culture.
Using N. closterium, C. calcitrans and P. triconutum as food, N. closterium and C. calcitrans-fed zoeae had consistently higher survival of 55.0- and 54.75 - respectively than P. triconutum-fed larvae. The rate of development was also faster in zoea given the two diatoms. Mortality in larvae fed with P. tricornutum was apparently due to the cell configurations rather than size and the macronutrient contents of the diatom.
Survival and development were also higher and faster in myses given C. calcitrans and N. closterium. Larval response to P. tricornutum was relatively poor.-"
125. Mangalik, Arthur. Effects of various lipid sources on the growth and survival rates of Penaeus monodon Fabricius from postlarvae to juveniles in a controlled environment-April 1979. 65 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 M35 ) The effect of various lipid sources (corn oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, beef tallow, pork lard, and fish oil) on the growth and survival rates of Penaeus monodon Fabricius were evaluated in three separate feeding studies using 60-liter wooden glass aquaria. Two trials utilized a flow through system and during the third trial approximately two-thirds of the water volume was changed daily.
Results of these experiments indicate that the growth rates were significantly different (P<0.05)>0.05) on either growth or survival among the treatments during the second trial. // Better feed conversions were obtained with beef tallow and fish oil diets. The level of crude protein of the body of shrimp fed diets containing beef tallow and fish oil were slightly higher but the body fat contents were slightly lower compared to the shrimp fed other lipid sources. Crude fiber of the shrimp fed diet containing fish oil were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the shrimp fed with other lipid sources.
Beef tallow and fish oil were judged s uperior to any other lipid sources followed in a descending order, by soybean oil, coconut oil, pork lard, and corn oil.-"
126. Manzano, Virginia B.-Determination of stocking rates of mullet (Mugil sp.) and prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) in polyculture system. January 1982. 37 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 M35) An experiment was conducted in twenty-one units of 171 m2 earthen ponds in the Brackishwater Fishpond Project of the Bicol University College of Fisheries, San Carlos, Tabaco, Albay. The primary aim was to determine an optimum stocking combination of MUllet (Mugil angeli Blaeker and Mugil Dussumieri Cuvier and Valenciennes) and prawn (Penaeus mondon Fabricius) including their growth, survival, and competition. The stocking combination tested utilizing a completely random design in 120-day trial were : 5000 prwn/ha (Treatment I); 5000 mullet/ha (Treatment II); 7,500 mullet/ha (Treatment III); 10,000 mullet/ha (Treatment IV); 5000 mullet/ha plus 5000 prawn/ha (Treatment V); 7,500 mullet/ha plus 5000 prawn/ha (Treatment VI); 10000 mullet/ha plus 5000 prawn/ha (Treatment VII). // Total production obtained from each treatment in decending order were : Treatment VII - 137.95 kg/ha; Treatment VI - 125.45 kg/ha; Treatment V - 117.76 kg/ha; Treatment I - 70.7 kg/ha; Treatment IV - 52.94 kg/ha; Treatment III - 38.79 kg/ha; and Treatment II - 26.35 kg/ha. The low production obtained in all treatments could be attributed to the low growth potential of the species used and low recovery. Highest weight gain of 0.36 g/day for prawn was obtained in Treatment V which was significantly higher (P<0.01) than all of the other treatments. In Treatment V, mullet attained a weight increment of 0.12 g/day. The average survival rate for mullet ranged from 51.9 to 70.8 -. For prawn it was 32.6 to 53.9 -. Intraspecific competition in mullet was observed in the highest stocking density-(10,000/ha) among the monoculture systems recording a value of 0.086. Intraspecific competition between mullet and prawn was nil. The polyculture of mullet and prawn therefore seemed feasible.-"
127. Martosudarmo, Budiono. Effects of different substrates and selected feeds on the growth and survival of hatchery-produced Penaeus monodon postlarvae. December 1983. 83 leaves. -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 M37) A 4 x 2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD) utilising 24 units of 1 x 1 x 0.8 m3 suspension nets installed in a 500 sq m brackishwater pond was conducted at the UPVCF-Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Philippines. Fifteen-day-old hatchery-produced Penaus monodon postlarvae were utilized in the experiment at a stocking density of 500 postlarvae per net.
Four types of substrates (bamboo screen, plastic sheet, nylon screen and without substrate) and two kinds of food (lab-lab and mussel meat) were used as treatments replicated 3 times each to determine their effects on the growth and survival of postlarvae in 30 days. Water parameters such as salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and ammonia were monitored regularly.
Results indicated no significant effect (P>0.05) of substrates on the growth of P. monodon postlarvae. Howver, a highly significant effect (P<0.01)>0.05) in survival was noted among bamboo screen, plastic sheet or nylon screen substrates.
The effect of the two food sources, lab-lab and minced mussel meat, on the growth of the postlarvae during the first 20 days of rearing was not significant (P>0.05) indicating that these food sources were comparable. However, after 30 days of culture, growth was observed to be significant (P<0.05) which could be due to the difference in protein content between the two foods and the -preference of the animals for mussel meat. The effect of the food types on the survival of postlarvae was not significant, although a significant interaction between feeds and substrates on the survival was observed.-"
128. Mendoza, Emiliana C. Quantitative dietary lipid requirements of Penaeus monodon juveniles in a controlled environment. April 1982. 30 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 M45)-Penaeus monodon juveniles with an average weight of 0.38 g were stocked at a rate of 30 individuals in 60- liter fiberglass aquaria filled with 40 liters of filtered seawater. Water with salinity range of 31.0 to 32.5 ppt and temperature of 23.0 to 27.0 oC was allowed to flow continuously at a rate of 0.8 to 1.0 liter per minute. Shrimps were ed isonitrogenous (40 - protein) and isocaloric diets (2,670 kcal of D.E./kg) containing 1.75, 4.90, 8.50, 11.65 and 15.50 - total lipid at a daily rate of 10 - of the biomass for a period of 8 weeks. Supplemetal lipid (1:1 ratio of cod liver oil and soybean oil) was added at levels of 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12 .0- of the diet.
Results of the experiment indicated that shrimps fed the diet containing 15.50 - total lipid had the highest weight gain which was significantly higher (P<0.05)>0.05) from that of the treatment with 15.50 - lipid. No significant differnces (P>0.05) were found among the feed conversion values and protein efficiency ratios for diets containing total lipid levels higher than a.75 -. However, feed conversion and P.E.R. were best for the 11.65- lipid diet. The average survival rate was highest for the treatment fed the highest dietary level of lipid. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in survival rate of shrimps receiving diets with lipid levels higher than 1.75 -. Total body fat content increased with -increasing levels of dietary lipid. Protein content varied significantly. Body ash did not differ significantly from each other.
Thus, a dietary leevl of around 12 - total lipid was apparently required by P. monodon juveniles for maximum growth, efficient feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio, and optimum survival rate.-"
129. Nalzaro, Gloria Galeza-Quantitative dietary cholesterol requirement of Penaeus monodon juveniles. April 1982. 47 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 N34) Penaeus monodon juveniles with an average weight of 0.22 g were stocked in 60-l oval fiberglass aquaria filled with 40 liters of sand-gravel filtered seawater. Water with salinity range from 29 to 32 ppt and temperature fro 22.8 to 27.5oC was allowed to flow continously at a rate of 0.8 to 1.0 l/min. Shrimps were fed isonitrogenous (45 - protein) and isocaloric (3,800 Kcal of M.E./kg) diets containing 0.75, 1.10, 1.37, 1.67, 1.87, 2.62 and 2.70 - total cholesterol at a daily rate of 10 - of the biomass for 8 weeks. // Shrimps fed the 1.10 - cholesterol diet had significantly the highest weight gain while those fed 2.70 - cholesterol had the lowest weight gain. Although low feed conversion and high frequency ratios were obtained with the 1.10 - cholesterol, no significant differences were found among various treatments in both parameters. Survival rate was significantly highest for shrimps fed the 0.75 - dietary cholesterol. The fat contents of the shrimps were similar in all treatments. This indicated that the levels of cholesterol in the diets had no effect on the body fat of shrimps. Shrimps are capable of storing relatively large quantities of cholesterol in the body. The cholesterol contents of shrimps significantly increased with increasing dietary levels of cholesterol. However, a dietary level of cholesterol between 0.75 and 1.10 - is adeqaute for maintaining constant level of body cholesterol. Results of this experiment indicated that a total dietary level of cholesterol between 0.75 and 1.10 - was required by P. monodon juveniles for maximum growth, low-feed conversion, high protein efficiency ratio, high survival rate and maintenance of constant level of body cholesterol.-"
130. Ogburn, Damian. Survival and rate of metamorphosis of Penaeus monodon fabricius larvae fed microencapsulated egg diets. May 1984. 62 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 O32) The rate of metamorphosis and survival of Penaeus monodon abricius larvae from Protozoea 1 to Postlarvae 1, in response to feeding of microencapsulated egg diets, was evaluated. The study was conducted at the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Tigbauan, Iloilo. A completely randomized design was used to compare the survival of three treatments- microencapsulated whole egg, supplemented whole egg diets and natural feeds (Tetraselmis and Artemia). THree replicates/treatment were used.
The best survival to Mysis 1 was obtained using unsupplemented whole egg diet (mean survival of 74 -) compared to supplemented whole egg diet (mean survival of 53-) and live feed (57-). A ststistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the best treatment and Treatment I/Treatment 3 was obtained.
Survival during mysis stages was poor in both groups fed egg diets suggesting that egg diet alone is insufficient to support growth and survival of P. monodon larvae during mysis stage.
Observations on feeding behaviour indicated that larvae are capable of ingesting a narrow range of particle sizes (3-10 microns) during early larval stages but as larval development proceeds size ingested increases. Maximum size ingested during Mysis 3 is about 50 microns.-"
131. Pangantihon, Ma. Paz Yap. The effect of dietary astaxanthin and vitamin A supplementation of the reproductive performance of pond reared penaeus monodon broodstock-Ocotber 1989-39-Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location:CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1989 F5 P3) The effects of astaxanthin and/ or Vitamin A on the reproductive performance of the pond reared Penaeus monodon was assessed in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. The study was conducted in four 12 m3, 1 m deep flow-through maturation tanks divided into two equal compartments using a nylon net. Doubly tagged prawn broodstock were utilized as individual replicates. Prawns were fed with broodstock diet with no supplements (Treatment A), with astaxanthin (Treatment B), vitamin A (treatment C) and both astaxanthin and vitamin A (Treatment D) for 61 days. Results showed mean gonad index, which measures the degree of gonadal development, was significantly improved (P<0.05)>0.05). Fecundity and egg hatching rate were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the addition of supplemental astaxanthin and/or vitamin A in the diet. Mean fecundity and hatching rate, however, were highest in prawn fed astaxanthin supplements (7.3 x 10raised to 4, eggs/female and 5.7 - hatching) and the lowest in prawn not fed any supplements ( 3.2 x 10 raised to 4, eggs/female and 0 - hatching). Further, mortality rate was highest in prawns fed both astaxanthin and vitamin A supplements (50-) and lowest in prawns not fed with any supplements. High mortality was attributed to the high levels of synthetic astaxanthin and vitamin A inclusion. The results suggest direct involvement of astaxanthin in gonadal development and spawning, and thus, a dietary astaxanthin requirement for production of pond - reared Penaeus monodon. Moreover, early maturation of some prawns fed astaxanthin supplement suggests its effect on hastening ovarian maturation even without eyestalk ablation.-"
132. Parado-Estepa, Fe Dolores-The effect of feeding different zooplankton species on the growth and survival of penaeus monodon larvae. September 1982. 37 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 P37 ) A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different zooplankton species on the growth and survival of Penaeus monodon larvae. The first phase of the study was the determination of the best among the tested feeding levels for Brachionus plicatilis, Tisbintra elongata, and Moina sp. This was done by comparing the growth and survival of P. monodon larvae ( stocked at tye mysis II- Mysis III stage) reared at four feeding densities (5 individuals/ml, 10 individuals/ml, 15 individuals/ml, and 20 individuals/ml) of each zooplankton species. The minimum levels at which P. monodon showed significantly highest survival and growth rates at the end of the 15 day culture period were used in the second phase of the study.
The second phase of the study consisted of the comparison of growth and final survival of P. monodon larvae (stocked at mysis II stage) fed with the following zooplankton species : Aretemia sp. (5 individuals/ml), B. plicatilis (20 individuals/ml), T. elongata(5 individuals/ml), Moina sp. (5 individuals/ml), and B. plicatilis (20 individuals/ml) + Tetraselmis sp. (2.5-5 x 10 exponent 3 cells/ml). After 15 days of culture, the highest survival rate was obtained from P. monodon larvae fed with Artemia sp. (43 -). However, this was not significantly different from those obtained from the Moina sp. (26.7 -) and B. Plicatili + Tetraselmis sp. (23 -) treatments. Survival obtained from T. elongata (20 -) and B. plicatilis (16.7 -) treatments were significantly lower than the Arrtemia sp. treatment. At the end of the study, the following growth -index values wee obtained : 6.92 (Artemia sp. treatment) 6.64 (Brachionus plicatilis + Tetraselmis treatment), 6.44 (Tisbintra elongata) and 6.12 (Moina sp.). The lowest growth index value which was significantly lower than the Aretemia sp. treatment was obtained from the B. plicatilis treatment (6.04).-"
133. Poku Gyinaye. Termite meal as protein source in the diet of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) juveniles. September 2001. 52 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2001 F5 P64) -A six-week feeding trial was conducted in the laboratory to determine the suitability of termite meal as protein source in the diet of M. rosenbergii juveniles. Proximate analysis of the termite Nasutitermes sp gave a crude protein level of 55.4%. Using the tail muscle of juvenile M. rosenbergii as reference protein, the EAAI of the termite was found to be 0.85. Four diets of varying percentages of Peruvian fishmeal/termite meal; 100/0%, 65/35%, 35/65% and 0/100% were used. the results showed a decreasing order in growth with increasing termite meal. The best SGR of 3.44+0.34 which was significantly different (p<0.05) from all the other diets was attained in diet 1(100% Peruvian fishmeal), and the least SGR of 1.77+0.24 was recorded in diet 4(100%termite meal). The highest percentage survival of 48.5+9.10% attained in diet 4 was not significantly different (p<0.05) from all the diets containing termite meal. It was however significantly different (p<0.05) from diet 1, which had 11.25+3.78%. All the diets were about 39% CP. Termite (Nasutitermes sp) meal was found not adequate enough to be used solely as protein source for M. rosenbergii juveniles, however can still be considered for amino acid supplementation since its inclusion in the diet can support growth and better survival.-"
134. Racuyal, Jesus Tan. Aspects on the biology of the banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888) and the shrimp fishery of Southeastern Samar. April 1995. 113 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1995 F5 R3). This study aws conducted in southeastern Samar Sea from December 1992 to August 1993, to identiy the various species of penaeid shrimps caught by trawl, determine the seasonal distribution, relative abundance of Penaeus merguiensis, length-weight relationship, maturity stages, average length at first maturity, sex ratio, the number of moult and intermoult stages, and the estimate of growth and mortality parameters. Standing stock density of the banana prawn was also estimated. The study also describes the shrimp fishery sector which includes the monthly catch rates of gill nets, shrimp trawls and Danish seines. It also describes the economics and marketing sector that includes the fixed costs, variable costs, market value of the different species, marketing channels and the profit sharing system among the owner, crew members and the master fisherman.
Six species of shrimps belonging to three genera, i.e., Penaeus, Metapenaeus and Trachypenaeus, were identified of high commercial interest. Penaeus merguiensis were the most abundant and dominated landings among the genus Penaeus. Peak catches occurred from January to March, but catch rates declined during summer. A positive correlation between rainfall and catch rates for this species was shown. However, the catch per unit effort of 1.39 kg/haul or 0.463 kg/hr for this species was already at low levels. Banana prawns were abundantly caught by trawls between 10 and 20 meters depth, as compared to other depths. The estimated standing stock density of banana prawns was about 62.73 kg/sq. km with a total biomass of- 18.85 tons in the area of 300.05 sq,km. Spawning of this species occurred throughout the period of the study, but the peak spawning season occurred from february to March. Average length at maturity was determined at 35.04 mm CL, but the minimum size at maturity was found at 24 mm CL. Female banana prawns were found in class range between 21 mm CL and 51 mm CL , while the males were only found between the class range from 19 mm CL to 33 mm CL. A 1:1 ratio was found in class size of 27 mm CL. Females were larger in size than males. The mean lengths per month of both sexes of banana prawns were estimated using the monthly length frequency data. The results showed that adult size for both sexes were largest in February-March (females: 36.53mm CL--36.43mm CL and males: 27.06 mm CL--27.43 mm CL) and smallest in July-August (females: 27.5 mm CL--28.15 mm CL and males: 22.78 mm CL--23.31 mm CL). Growth of this species was allometric. The estimated Loo = 50.31 mm CL (femmales), 33.138 mm CL (males), and K= 1.065/year (females), and 1.75/year (males) were considered to be the preliminary values of growth parameters in southeastern Samar Sea. Natural mortality rates (M) were relatively high, M=1.66/year(females) and 2.56/year (males). The estimated fishing mortality rates of females (2.25 per year) was found greater than males (1.368 per year) The estimated independent fishing mortality (F) was found at 1.139 per year.-"
135. Razon, Jose A. III. The effects of eyestalk ablation on the molting frequency, spawing and larval survival of the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii(de Man). March 1995. 56 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1995 F5 R38) The effect of unilateral and bilateral ablation on the female Macrobrachium rosenbergii were studied in relation to its molting frequencies, intermolt period and spawning. Larvae from the ablated and control group werre reared (Stage 12) and their survival noted. Larval quality was also determined by using stress test ( exposure to 2 levels of formalin).
Results showed that ablation accelerated the molting frequency and decreased the intermolt period. Intermolt period ranged from 20 - 32 days for the unilateral (Trt II), 16-18 days for the bilateral (Trt III), as compared to 28-38 days for the control (Trt I). Very low rate of survival was obtained in Trt III (0-), while for Trt II it was 50 -, indicating that unilateral ablation is a more practical method to employ.
No significant differences among the treatments were observed in the rate of survival of larvae and the exposure to stress test. However, a better survival was obtained in the 100 ppm concentration, suggesting that 100 ppm concentration may be used as the concentration for stress test.-"
136. Reyes, Edgardo P.-The effect of temperature and salinity on the hatching of eggs and larval development of sugpo, Penaeus monodon fabricius. June 1981. 42 leaves. Thesis- M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 R49) Incubation of Penaeus monodon eggs and rearing of different larval stages were undertaken at nine tempearture salinity combinations. The eggs, nauplii, zoeae, and myses kept as stock cultures at ambient temperatures of 26-30oC and salinity of 32-33 ppt were exposed to temperature levels of 23, 28, and 33 ppt. ten trials were conducted for eggs, 4 for nauplii, and 3 each for zoeae and myses. All eggs and larvae used in one trial were taken from a single spawner.
Eggs and nauplii survived the sudden change of temperature and salinity (from ambient to experimental) but the zoeae and myses did not. However, salinities of 23 and 28 ppt in combination with any of the temperature levels produced weak larvae. Highest mean hatching rate was obtained at temperature-salinity combination of 23oC-33 ppt, followed by 28oC-33ppt. Incubation periods for thse treatemnts were 22, 16, and 14 hours respectively. Survival rate of nauplius( taken from stock cultures) to first zoeal stage was highest at 28oC-33 ppt, followed by 33oC-33 ppt and 23oC-33 ppt with molting time of 50, 45, and 75 hours, respectively.
The nauplii exposed to 33oC-33 ppt molted to zoeae stage within 38 to 40 hours but later died. Those exposed at 23oC-33ppt and 28oC-33 ppt reached the zoea stage within 57 to 60 hours and 48 to 50 hours, respectively. Simmilarly, the nauplii taken from the stock cultures and reared until postlarval stage (P1) under experimental conditions completed the zoea and mysis stage in 9 to 11 days at 28oC-33 ppt, 7 to 9 days at 33oC-33 ppt ppt, and 13 to 15 days at 23oC-33 ppt. -Survival rate was not determined but the larvae appeared healthy.
Salinity showed highly significant effect on rates of hatching of eggs and survival from nauplius to first zoeal stage but not temperature. However, both factors affected time of hatching of eggs and time of molting from nauplius to zoea. Interaction effect was significant only on rate and time of hatching. Differnt sources (spawners) of eggs and nauplii did not have significant effect on time of hatching and molting from nauplius to zoea, but significantly affected the hatching rate of eggs and survival rate of nauplii to zoea stage.-"
137. Rendon, Conrado C. The efficacy of different organic toxicants for selective elimination of predators and competitors in shrimp ponds. October 1989, 73 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1989 F5 R4)-This study was conducted at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (BAC), Leganes, Iloilo in February 1989 to find out the most effective organic toxicants and its effective lethal concentration.
A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment replicated three times was used in the study. The treatments were : Treatment A - "Tubli" (Derris elliptica); B - Kayos (Dioscorea hispida); C - "Kasla" (Jatropha curcas); D - "Balanti" and E - Teaseed Cake (camella sp.). Test animals were juvenile stages of T. mossambica, Glossogobius giurus, Poecilla sp. in polyculture with prawn. Five toxicants were applied simultaneously at the same concentration (20 ppm) following the treatment assignments. // Results showed highly significant differences on the average percentage mortality of T. mossambica, G. giurus and Poecillia sp. 1 hour after treatment of 20 ppm concentration of different toxicants. Depensatory mortality was observed with further increase in the concentration of teaseed, kasla, kayos and balanti but no significant differences were detected among them; while, highly significant differences were found using 5, 10 and 15 ppm concentration of tubli (rotenone). Significant differences on the responses among species were observed based on their sensitivity to toxicant relative to time of exposure; while P. monodon was able to survive despite the increase in the concentrations of toxicants irrespective of time of exposure.-"
138. Sutopo, Joko. The effects of water hardness on the growth and survival of the larvae of freshwater giant prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). October 1991. 47 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 S8) The effect of different levels of water hardness on the growth and survival of the larvae of freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) was determined. Three experiments were conducted using different levels of water hardness, namely: (1) Experiment I - 50, 100, 150, 200,250, 300 ppm CaCo3; (2) Experiment II - 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 ppm CaCO3; and (3) Experiment III - 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 ppm CaCO3. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used for each experiment.
In experiment I, very low survival with no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth index, total length and dry weight. However, significantly higher survival (P<0.05) was attained at 1200 ppm CaCO3. In experiment, no significant differnces (P<0.05) was detected for total length and dry weight. Highest survival and growth index were obtained at water hardness 2000 ppm CaCO3. The optimum water hardness for survival was established at 1619 +- 25.41 ppm CaCO3 in experiment II and 1682 +_ 36.85 ppm CaCO3 in experiment III. Results also indicated that among the hardness levels tested, the highest survival from zoea 1 to zoea 6 could be attained at water hardness of 2000-3000 ppm CaCO3 and from zoea 7 to newly - metamrphosed postlarvae at water hardness of 1500-2000 ppm CaCO3.-"
139. Tabu, Nilda S.-Growth and survival of Penaeus monodon postlarvae at different feeding regimes and stocking densities in earthen brackishwater nursery ponds. February 1984. 65 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 T32)-The effects of different stocking densities (50, 100 and 150 sq m) and two feeding regimes (natural) food, consisting mainly of lab-lab, and natural foos plus artificial diet on the growth and survival of Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL4 to PL5) were evaluated in eighteen 40 sq. m. earthen brackishwater nursery ponds using tidal water exchange for a period of 45 days.
Results of the experiment indicated that the effect of different stocking densities were highly significant (P<0.01) on growth but not on the survival at the two feeding regimes. Likewise no interaction effect was discerned. Shrimps given artificial feed (Treatments II, IV, and VI) obtained higher mean weight gains of 1.55 g, 1.17 g, and 1.05 g, respectively than those of shrimps that were not given artificial feed (1-1.44 g, III- 0.92 g, and V- 0.66 g). Similarly, those reared with artificial feed attained better percent survival of 41.62 - (II), 67.44 - (IV) and 52.14 - (VI) as compared to shrimps that were not given artificial feed (I-42.53 -, III-54.61 - and V-46.90 -.)
An exploratory economic study showed that the nursery operation gave promising results in all treatments. High ROI's were obtained to give a safe margin for the risk involved in this kind of business. Among all treatments, treatment V had the highest ROI of 693 percent and shortest payback period of 0.19 years.-"
140. Taufiq, Moh. Input-output relationship of prawn and milkfish culture in West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. March 1991. 94 leaves -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 T38) A Cobb Douglas productions were used to estimate three culture methods, namely extensive, semi-intensive and intensive. Under extensive culture method 46.28 - of the variations in output could be explained by variations in input (stocking rate, labor, fertilizer and farm size). Under semi-intensive and intensive culture methods, 90.73 - and 96.10 - of the variations in output respectively, could be explained by variations in input (stocking rate, labor, fertilizer, pesticide, farm size, supplementary feed and lime). Summations of all the production coefficient under intensive culture indicate that if output increases by larger percentage then the increase of all inputs but under extensive and semi-intnsive are vice-versa. Under extensive culture, if the stocking rate, fertilizer and farm size were increased by 1 -, the output will increase by 0.2473 -, 0.2553- and 0.2283 -, respectively. In semi-intensive culture method if the stocking rate and fertilizer were increased by 1 -, the output will increase by 1.3106 - and 0.2764 -, respectively. In intensive culture method if the stocking rate, labor, fertilizer, artificial feeding, lime were increased by 1 -, the outpu will increase by 2.1632 -, 0.6220 -, 4.3376 - and 0.4052 -, respectively.-"
141. Tendencia, Eleonor Alapide-Pathogenecity of vibrio spp. isolated from juvenile penaeus monodon with red disease syndrome. April 1994. 63 leaves -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1994 F5 T4) Bacterial isolation of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) showing symptoms of red disease led to the recovery of four virio phenotypes, namely: V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, and Virio sp. Virulence screeing of the two most dominant acteria - V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus- showed V. parahaemolyticus to be more virulent since it has smaller LT50 value and it causes higher mortality compared to V. harveyi, and induced more severe lesions in the hepatopancreas on injected shrimp.
Inoculation of live V. parahaemolyticus cells ( 10 raised to 6 cfu/shrimp) and extracellular crude product in the ventral sinus between the 4th and 5th pleopod produced symptoms of red disease such as reddening of the body and lesions like atrophy of the hepatopancreatic tubules, melanization, and hemocytic infiltration with fibrosis in the intertubular sinus. Melanization, hemocytic infiltration and fibrosis were also observed in the hepatopancreas of pond-reared shrimp affected with rd disease, and in the lymphoid organ of these experimentally injected shrimp.
Although the results show the role of Virio parahaemolyticus in the development of hepatopancreatic lesions similar to red disease, the exact etiology of red disease syndrome in Penaeus monodon needs further study.-"
142. Yashiro, Renu. The effect of artemia fed with different diets on the growth and survival of Penaeus monodon fabricius postlarvae. April 1982. 48 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 Y38) Penaeus monodon postlarvae (P1) with an average weight of 0.54 mg were stocked at the rate of 10 individuals per liter in a 250-liter conical fiberglass tanks filled with 150 liters of sand-gravel filtered seawater with a salinity range from 32.0 to 33.0 ppt, temperature from 26.5oC to 28.7oC and pH from 8.1 to 8.3. They were fed in excess with finely ground cooked mussel meat and live preadult Artemia (fed with wheat flour, rice bran or mill;ed rice extracts) for 20 days. The postlarvae fed with cooked mussel meat had significantly lower weight gain (P<0.05) than those fed Artemia. No significant differences were found amng the weight gains was observed with the postlarvae that recieve Artemia fed with milled rice extract. The survival arte was highest for shrimp fed with cooked mussel meat. This was significantly higher than those shrimp fed with Artemia except that of shrimp fed with Artemia that received milled rice extract. The total body lipid contents of the post-experimental shrimp were higher than that of the pre-experimental shrimp. fatty acid composition of shrimp was generally related to the fatty acid pattern of the diets. Shrimp fed with cooked mussel meathad fatty acid profile similar to that of the pre-experimental shrimp. Among four treatments, the ratio of w3/w6 fatty acids was highest (2.17) in shrimp fed cooked mussel meat which had a ratio of 4.06. The other three treatments ratio were 1.17, 0.99 and 0.60 for shrimp fed with Artemia that received milled rice, wheat flour and rice bran extracts, respectively.-"
Priacanthus tayenus
143. Saji, Abdulsali Paradji. Contribution to the biology of Priacanthus tayenus (Richardson, 1846) in Lingayen Gulf. May 1987. 104 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1987 F5 S35) A 12-month biological study of Priacanthus tayenus in Lingayen Gulf was conducted from May 1983 to April 1984. The species itself ranked tenth in abundannce among the commercial fish catches in the Gulf. It was abundantly caught during the rainy months from May to September in the inner sector of the Gulf affected by Dagupan and Agno Rivers, which coincide with high plankton biomass in the area. Its spatial distribution was significantly affected by the change of season, wind variations, temperature, and the availability of food organisms. Prejuveniles 6.5 cm total length were already caught by bottom trawls. Size range of juveniles was 7-21 cm and and the adults were 22-37 cm length. At 21.6 cm size, the species was already sexually mature and ready to spawn. Spawning season started in December and ended in May. Mean fecundity was 58,000 ripe eggs. RThe catch representing the P. tayenus fishery aged 6 months to 2 years, at sizes of 15 to 37 cm. The males grew more plump and robust than the females of the same length. The growth rate was computed to be 2.0 cm per month with growth coefficient K=0.81 and Loo = 45 cm. There were two phases of recruitment in a year. The first length of capture Lc was 16.2 cm and became fully exploited at 18 cm length, aging 7-8 months. The P. Tayenus fishery was in full exploitation with E= 0.701.
Rabbitfishes
144. Abalos, Rosie Salvador. Growth and yield of rabbitfish (Siganus Guttatus) reared in river floating net cages at various stocking densities and feeding schemes. March 1995. 67 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1995 F5 A23) Six treatment combinations consisted of three stocking densities of 50, 100, 200, rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) per cubic meter (m3) at two feeding schemes of sliding 10, 8, 6, 5- commercial feed of fish biomass (F1) and 5- commercial feed of fish biomass daily with Chaetomorpha linum, "lumut" fed to satiation (F2) were tested to determine the growth and yield of rabbitfish in river floating cages for 120 days.
The F1 at stocking density of 50 fish/ m3 and fed commercial feeds daily at sliding (10-8-6-5- BW) feeding scheme registered the highest mean growth of 105.6 g/fish. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) in growth among treatments. In terms of production, the F2 at 200 fish/m3 and fed commercial feeds at 5- BW plus "lumut" registered the highest mean production of 18.23 kg/m3. Production was highly significant (P<0.01)>0.05) among treatments.
Rearing S. Guttatus in floating net cage at 200 fish/m3 fed commercial feeds daily at 5- BW plus "lumut" fed to satiation appeared to give the highest net income of P705.96/m3 and a benefit-cost-ratio of 1.42.-"
145. Gomes, Luis Antonio de Oliveira. The Effects of Microparticulate Diets Containing Different Lipid Sources on the Growth and Survival of Rabbitfish (Siganus Guttatus, Bloch) Larvae. October 1988. 44 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 G64) Three microparticulate diets (MPD) containing different lipid sources each, soybean oil, cod liver oil and pork lard, and a control diet, Artemia nauplii, were fed to rabbitfish larvae. The experiment was conducted with larvae from 25 to 50 days after hatching under 225 liter tanks with a flow-through water system.
Results showed that rabbitfish larvae can readily accept and can be reared solely with MPD, at least starting day 25. Survival rates from 78.6 - to 83.8 - were obtained among all treatments fed MPD.
Rabbitfish larvae had remarkable ability to utilize different sources of lipids from the diets. All the MPD had normal effects on growth, external body appearance and the metamorphosis of the larvae.-"
Roundscad
146. Caliente, Alejandro Cabansay. Aspect of the biology and fishery of redtail roundscad (Decapterus russeli) in the coastal water of Western Leyte. 1987. 212 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-College of Fisheries, UPV-Quezon City. Location: UPVCFOSL-(LG995 1987 F5 C34) Some aspects of the biology and fishery of redtail roundscad (Decapterus russelli) caught in the coastal water of Western Leyte were studied then compared with the previous findings obtained by Tiews et al (1986), Magsusson (1970) and Ingles and Pauly (1984).
A total of 2,508 fish samples weighing around 85 kilograms were randomly collected monthly from October 1983 to October 1984 in selected ring net boats and fish landing centers of Western Leyte. Of these samples, 639 fishes were used for biological study.
The study showed that D. russelli in Western Leyte were moderately large reaching an average length of 16.5 cm FL. Through-out the year the size composition of the catch was dominated by one distinct length class that progressively increased monthly to the next higher length class. Males and females were evenly distributed in size groups, gonadal maturity stages and seasonal occurrence in the catch.
The length-weight relationship of this fish was expressed as W = 0.01480L2.9183. For males it was expressed as W = 0.01676 2.8642 while for females it was expressed as W = 0.01281 2.9806. it was found out that the females had the tendency to become more rotund than males as they grew longer.
The average size at first maturity of D. russelli was 15.3 cm FL. This spawned from Januaryto June with peak spawning occurring in March and May. Its fecundity ranged from 26, 000 to 51, 000 eggs at a corresponding length range of 16.0 to 25.0 cm FL. Its spawning habit was asynchronous in nature.
D. russelli was carnivorous in food habit. When small (6-15 cm long), they were zooplankton feeders and whn large (16-25 cm long) they became piscivorous. Their diet composition changed with the change of monsoon season. Their feeding intensity also changed with the change of their body size and gonadal maturity.
Parasite infestation of D. sselli was not observed in this study. The growth coefficient (K) of this fish was found to be high at 1.1 per year which seems to support the rough estimate of growth rate at 1.0 cm per month measured from a starting juvenile size of 6.0 cm long. The longevity of this fish was low (2.7 years). The population was composed of one cohort only and its recruitment pattern that occurred as one long pulse within the year attests to this. The mean size at first capture was 11.7 cm FL. The estimated total mortality (Z) was 2.84 per year with a corresponding natural mortality much higher (M = 1.95/yr) than the fishing mortality (F = 0.90/yr). The exploitation rate was estimated at E = 0.32.
D. russelli was a major component of the catch landed by ring nets from 1981 to 1985. Its mean relative abundance in the Decapterus catch and in the total landed catch was around 65% and 32% respectively. They were abundantly caught from January to May, with peck abundance occurring in April. The average annual catch per boat was estimated at 6.9 metric tons. The mean catch per boat per day was around 30 kilograms.
A comparision of the findings obtained in this study with that of the previous investigations showed that dissimilarities were noted in certain aspects of their growth, reproduction and fishery and almost entirely in the aspects of population parameters. The aspect on sex ration, fecundity and food habits were noted to be distincly similar."
Sardines
147. Delan, Gloria Gomez. Crushed Ice and Chilled Seawater for Storage of Sardines (Sardinella fimbriata) for Canning. August 1991. 116 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 G64) The effect of using Crushed ice and chilled seawater on the quality of canned sardines (Sardinella fimbriata) was investigated.
Fresh sardines were held in either crushed ice or chilled seawater(CSW). Quality changes were monitored for a period of 15 days using the following tests: K-value, histamine content, peroxide value, Total Plate Count (TPC) and sensory. raw sardines were canned every time quality evaluations were undertaken. The quality of canned product was evaluated by determination of histamine content and by sensory taste. The presence of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria in canned sardines was also tested for.
Raw sardines held in crushed ice showed lower K-value (64.4 -) and their histamine content (0.42 mg-)> raw sardines held in crushed ice gave higher sensory scores than those sardines held in CSW. However, raw sardines held in CSW had lower peroxide value (24.4 meq/kg) and lower TPC (4.6 x 10 exponent6 cfu/g) than the peroxide value (45.2 meq/kg) and TPC (6.6 x 10 exponent7 cfu/g) of fish stored in CSW.
Canned sardines prepared from raw sardines held in crushed ice showed higher sensory scores for odour and general appearance than those prepared from raw sardines held in chilled seawater. Regardless of treatment, the histamine contents of canned sardines followed a similar decreasing pattern as did those of the raw samples during storage.
Raw sardines can be stored in crushed ice 3 days longer than in chilled seawater.-"
Sea Bass
148. Avance, Lea Lopez. Evaluation of different food types on the growth and surviva l of pond-reared seaperch Lates calcarifer. 1984. xi,58 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-Faculty of Fisheries,UPV-Iloilo. Location: SEAFDEC-AQDL; UPV-BACL-"
149. Dimaano, Mario L. Effect of stocking densities on the growth, survival and production of Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch) in cages in a brackishwater impoundment. March 1984. 54 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 D56) An experiment on the cage culture of sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch) was conducted from May 6 to August 4, 1982 in a brackishwater impoundment which tested five stocking densities namely; 15, 30,45, 60 and 75 individuals per cage (2 x 1 x 1.2m). Fish were fed with trash fish at the rate of 5 - body weight based on dry weight using feeding trays. A complete randomized design with three replicates each was used.
The highest growth increment of 1.86 g/fish per day was obtained in treatment I (15 individuals/cage) while the lowest was obtained in treatments IV (60 individuals/cage) and V (75 individuals/cage) 1.20 g/fish per day. In terms of fish production, treatment V gave the highest production of 11.57 kg/cage while treatment I had the lowest (3.57 kg/cage). In general, production of sea bass was directly related to stocking density.
Survival of fish in all treatments were high ranging from 89.3 - to 100.0-. The high survival rates obtained in this study indicated that the densities were still within tolerable limits for the fish, but higher densities started affecting fish growth.
Results showed that a stocking density of 75 sea bass per cage (38 fish/cu. m.) could still be profitable despite food conversion values of 6.8 to 8.3.-"
150. Dumada-ug, Cristeta R. The Effect of Periodic Thinning and Stocking Density on the Growth and Survival of Sea Bass Lates calcarifer (Bloch). November 1990. 52 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 D84)-The effect of varying stocking densities and periodic thinning on the development of shooters of juvenile seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) at the nursery phase was studied. The shooting effect of seabass in the nursery phase was also investigated. The study which utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) tested four densities (3, 4, 6 and 9 fry per liter) which served as the different treatments. Each treatment was replicated 6 times in 20 liter white plastic basins. Filtered seawater was used and salinity was maintained at 20 ppt. the fish were fed with Artemia salina, copepods (Entomostracans), Mysids and trash fish for 35 days following a feeding schedule. Thinning was made every seven days. // Results indicated that periodic thinning of the seabass population every seven days significantly reduced the development of shooters by as much as 50 - of 39 to 60 day old seabass. A stocking density of 9 juveniles per liter had the most number of shooters, while 6 juveniles per liter had the least number of shooters and a more or less even-sized population observed in this study falls between 4-6 seabass juveniles per liter of water. The initial size was 6.25 mm and the final size after 35 days was 24.18 mm. Survival rates obtained in this study ranged from 89.60 - to 35. 0-.-"
151. Garcia, Grace H.-Milt production response of the sea bass lates calcarifer (Bloch) to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue and 17 alpha-methyltestosterone. April 1992. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 G37)-Milt volume, sperm density, number of spermatozoa, and fertilization capacity were determined to quantify the milt production response of mature sea bass to LHRHa [(D-Ala6, Pro9-N-ethylamide)LHRH] in saline solution and 17 alpha- methyltestosterone in corn oil (MT). Two measurres of sperm density, sperm count and spermatocrit, were highly correlated (r= 0.85). Compared with control, milt volume and the number of spermatozoa collected increased but sperm count decreased (24- at 24 hr) after a LHRHa (20 ug/kg body weight) treatment, suggesting astimulation of spermatozoa production and not merely milt dilution. Further milt dilution (44-) was induced by 80 ug/kg LHRHa (LHRHa80) at 12 h post-treatment but not by 200 ug/kg MT (MT200) alone. A milt dilution of only 27- at 12 h after simultaneous injections of LHRHa80 and MT200 may indicate an inhibitory effect of a high MT dose on the efficacy of LHRHa.
Early in the breeding season, a high fertilization capacity (857,000 eggs/kg) of LHRHa80 - treated male was obtained only when spawning occured in less than 12 h after hormone treatment, but fertilization was observed when spawning occurred in 30-36 h post-treatment. During the peak season and when spawning occurred in 30-36 h post treatment, a low fertilization capacity (79,000eggs/kg) was observed in one of two LHRHa (40 ug/kg) treated male but none in the three LHRHa80-treated males. However, highe fertilization capacities (224,000-410,000 eggs/kg) in two of three males injected 100 ug/kg MT (MT100) were obtained. Towads the end of the breeding season, spontaneous - milt release as indicated by fetilization of eggs occured only afte multiple injections of MT100.
Together these results indicate that spermatozoa production, milt dilution, spontaneous milt release can be stimulated by LHRHa or by low MT dose. The low incidence of fertilization and variability in fertilization capacity of hormone-treated sea bass may be due to a possible lack of synchrony in the release of gametes.-"
152. Hanafi, Hasan. Effect of various food types in the production and income of sea bass (Lates Calcarifer Bloch) grown in brackishwater ponds. April 1991. 58 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 H35) A study was conducted to determine the effects of various food types on the production of sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch) grown in brackishwater ponds, and to determine the suitable food for sea bass.
The study utilized twelve 250 m2 experimental ponds at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, UPV College of Fisheries in Leganes, Iloilo. Four treatments with three replicates each wee tested using the Randomized Complete Block Design. The teatments tested werre : (1) Treatment I, shrrimp feed with 43.6 - crude protein, (2) Treatment II, trash fish, (3) Treatment III. Tilapia at 1:10 Sea bass-Tilapia ratio, and (4) Treatment IV, moist formulated feed.
Treatment II (trash fish) showed the highest production (445.33 kg/ha), followed by Treatment III (live fish food) (176.56 kg/ha), Treatment IV (moist formulated feed) (146.84 kg/ha), and Treatment I (shrimp feed) the lowest production (117.94 kg/ha). Additional tilapia at harvest in the treatments utilizing live fish food has 229.14 kg/ha. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (P>-0.01) among treatments.
Growth response was expressed in tems of mean weight gain per day. The highest mean weight gain per day was obtained in Treatment II (0.97 g) followed by Treatment III (0.65g), Treatment I (0.64g) and Treatment IV (0.40 g). Analysis of variance showed no significant differences among treatments (P>0.05).
The best feed conversion ratio (dry weight basis) was obtained in treatments II (2.21), followed by Iv (4.28) and the poorerst was in Treatment I (5.28). No significant differences - (P>0.05) were obtained among treatments. Survival arte was highest in Treatment II (74.13 -) followed by Teatment IV (56.27 -), Treatment III (43.20 -) and the lowest in Treatment I (36-). Highly significant differnces were observed among treatments (P>0.01).
Condition factor was significantly higher in Treatment II (1.47) than the rest of the treatments. Treatment I had condition factor of 1.38 which was significantly higher than Teatment Iv (1.29) and Treatment III (1.28). The difference between treatments IV and III was not significant.
Physico-chemical paarmeters such as water(temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, depth and ammonia-N) were within tolerable levels for good growth of sea bass.
Cost and returrn analysis showed that monoculture of sea bass fed by trrash fish and polyculture of sea bass with tilapia are profitable.-"
153. Mangawil, Melvin Z.-Effect of feeding frequency on the growth, survival and net yield of sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch) reared in floating net cages. November 1990. 44 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1990 F5 M35 ). The effect of feeding frequency on the growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate and net yield of sea bass (Lates calcarifer) fingrlings with initial mean body weight (BW) range of 11.3 to 11.8 g was investigated in floating net cages installed in a pond for 152 days. Using Acetes sp. and chopped tilapia fingerlings as feeds, sea bass were fed to satiation at different feeding frequencies, namely: 4, 2 and 1 time (s) per day and once in every 1.25 and 1.5 days. Except survival rate, results showed that feeding frequency affected all parameters of production and size frequency distribution of sea bass. Highest mean BW and net yield of 127.9 g and 4.4 kg, respectively were obtained in sea bass fed 2 times per day. However, these were not enhanced (P>0.05) in fish fed once every 1, 1.25 and 1.5 day (s). FCR were 5.8, 4.9, 5.1 and 4.8 in sea bass fed two times per day and once in every 1, 1.25 and 1.5 day (s), respectively. These FCR values were not significantly different (P>0.05) but were significantly better (P<0.05) than in fish fed 4 times per day. The lower value of FCR observed in fish fed 2 times daily to once in every 1.5 days can be attributed to the amount of food remaining in the fish stomach after the fish has been fed. Result of the preliminary study showed that after a 25-h period, the food taken in by the fish is completely digested. Although no significant differences exist in the FCR of fish fed from once in every 1.5 days to 2 times daily, the higher mean BW observed in the latter was due to efficient food consumption of food which is-indicated by lower FCR. // The high survival rates (89.2-96.7 -) obtained in all treatments indicated that cannibalism due to starvation and size hierarchy in the population was prevented. The results of this study suggested that feeding frequenmcy at 2 times per day is optimum for ssea bass cultured in floating net cages. // Due to high salinity of the pond water that prevailed during the experiment , the growth of sea bass was retarded compared to results reported from previous related studies on this fish.-"
154. Murillo, Deograce Pollan. Requirements of juvenile Asian sea bass, lates calcarifer bloch, for lysine and arginine. March 1995. 55 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1995 F5 M8) Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the dietary requirements of the juvenile Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer Bloch, for the essential amino acids, lysine and arginine. Sea bass juveniles (initial average weight in lysine experiment, 13.1 g ; arginine experiment, 2.5 g) were given amino acid test diets that contained fish meal, zein, squid meal, and crystalline amino acids for 12 weeks. Each set of isonitrogenous and isocaloric test diets contained graded levels of lysine or arginine. Fish were fed twice a day at 0800 and 1600 h. In the lysine experiment, feeding rate was at 4 to 2.5 - of fish body weight per day. In the arginine experiment, feeding rate was at 10 - of body weight per day during the first four weeks and 4 - thereafter. The fish were reared in 500-l fiberglass tanks provided continously with seawater (salinity, 30 ppt) at 4.1 l/min with a mean temperature of 28oC. At the end of each experiment, growth, survival, hepatosomatic index, and feed efficiency ratios were determined. Survival was high in fish given adequate lysine or arginine. Mean weight gains and survival rates were significantly different in fish fed varying levels of lysine or arginine, but no significant differences were found in the hepatosomatic index and feed efficiency ratio. The broken line analysis of the growth response showed that the dietary requirement of sea bass juveniles for lysine is 20.6 g/kg diet or 4.5 - of the dietary protein. Arginine requirement is 18.2 g/kg diet or 3.8 - of the dietary protein.-"
155. Tesorero, Leticia Blacer. Effects of different sea bass-tilapia ratios on fish yield and the efficiency of sea bass as biological control of tilapia young in polyculture. April 1991. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 T4) -Five triplicated treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) representing the differnt sea bass tilapia ratios of 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, and 1:30 and 1:35 were evaluated in 15-units of 300 sq m ponds of the Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. The earlier established sea bass tilapia ratios and the effects of fish yield of the same ratios but increasing the stocking density of sea bass at 1, 533 juveniles/ha were assessed. The stocking densities for tilapia were 23,000/ha; 30,666/ha; 38,333/ha; 46,000/ha; and 53,666/ha for treatments I, II, III, IV and V respectively.
Average initial weight of the sea bass and tilapia ranged from 24.6g to 27.1 g and 31.2 g to 38.3 g, respectively. Highest mean weights for sea bass and tilapia at harvest were obtained in treatment II (394.9 g and 123.1 g respectively). Mean weights of sea bass and tilapia for treatments I, III, IV and 5 were 361.5 g and 120.6 g; 352.5 g and 117.0 g; 377.5 g and 117.4 g and 322.7g and 114.3 g, respectively. The effects of treatments in mean weights of sea bass and tilapia at harvest were not significantly different (P>0.05). // Sea bass survival did not differ significantly among treatments. Highest survival for both fish was obtained in treatment II, 80.4 - (sea bass) and 94.3 - (tilapia).
On the basis of the results, best production for sea bass was obtained in treatment II which was not significantly differnt from treatment III. Survival and growth were highest in treatment II. In terms of combined total production however, treatment V recorded the highest - (4,583.97 kg/ha) but only 7.3 - sea bass was obtained. The percentage composition of tilapia that attained marketable size in treatments V and II were 92.7- and 87.8 - respectively. This indicated the advantage of using 1:20 as the optimum ratio for sea bass and tilapia in polyculture.-"
156. Tubongbanua-Marasigan, Evelyn S.-Effect of fish meal and trash fish-based diets on the growth and survival of seabass fry, lates calcarifer (Bloch) reared in ponds and indoor aquaria-March 1988. 43 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 M37)-Two major protein sources, fish meal and trash fish were incorporated into five dietary treatments were tested in Trial A as follows : I- dry pelleted fishmeal based diet; II - moist fishmeal based diet; III - moist raw trashfish-based diet; IV - moist pasteurized trashfish - based diet, and V - moist sun-dried trashfish- based diet. Forty-five day old fry were gradually weaned from hatchery diet consisting of minced raw trashfish and Artemia salina nuplii to the five diets for seven days. After weaning, the fish with a mean weight of 0.36 g were stocked in 100 m2 earthen ponds at a rate of 50 fish/ pond and fed with the five test diets for 114 days culture period. Significant differences (P>0.05) in fish biomass were obtained among treatments. The pasteurized trash fish diet (Treatment IV) resulted to better biomass and feed conversion values in seabass cultured in ponds compared to other trash fish diets (treatment III and V) and fishmeal based diets (Treatment I and II). This indicated the potential of pasteurized trash fish based diet on the culture of seabass, although there are possibilities that production and fed conversion efficiency of pelleted fishmeal based-diets can be improved.
On the basis of the results in Trial A, Trial B was undertaken to compare the effects of various sources of protein on the growth and suvival of seabass fry as follows: Japanese fishm eal based-diet (TreatmentI), local fishmeal based-diet (Treatment II), pasteurized trash fish + Treatment I at 1:1 ratio (Treatment III), and pasteurized trash fish only (Treatment IV). Twenty -one day old seabass fry were reared and fed with the four dietary treatments for 24 days in indoor aquaria provided with recirculating water system. The effects of experimental dietary treatments were ranked using the Vector analysis with respect to growth increment, fish biomass and survival data. Results of analysis showed the following : first, Treatment I; second, Treatment III and IV, and third, Treatemnt II. Thees results indicated that using formulated diet in rearing seabass fry, the performance of the diet with the fishmeal as the major protein source in terms of growth and survival of seabass fry would vary even if their crude protein content were similar. This suggests that the effect of artifcial diets on the growth and survival of seabass fry depends upon the source of protein.-"
Seaweeds
157. Baltazar, Gonchio Que. Growth rates of Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum in the occassionally exposed and fully submerged environments. May 1984. 84 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOLS-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 B34) A study to test the effect of ocassionally and fully submerged environments and three water depths (5, 10, and 15 cm) on the growth of E. cottonii and E. spinosum was conducted at Tawi-Tawi, Philippines from December, 1983 to March, 1984 in a Randomized Complete Block Design.
The seedlings of both species with an initial weight of 110 g. per seedling were tied to monofilament nylon string and planted at desired distances by tying the ends of the nylon string to the wooden stakes fixed earlier.
The results indicate that both environments had comparable soil and water properties except the water depth which was deepr in the fully submerged environment. The organic matter content in the fully submerged environment was also higher than the other. The soils of both environments had high levels of potassium.
The growth of E. cottonii in terms of length of sub thalli, sub-sub thalli, their number and weight per plant was higher than E. spinosum. The growth of both species in terms of same components listed above was also higher in fully submerged environment than occasionally exposed environment. The effect of planting distance on the growth of the two species in both environments was insignificant. THe profuse growth of other seaweeds and aquatic plants negatively affected the growth of both species in the latter environment. There was no growth of weeds in fully submerged environment.
In general, the growth of E. spinosum because of its fragile nature ansd susceptibility to adverse conditions such as strong waves was poorer than E. cotonii. The growth of both specie-species ceased after two months of culture period.-"
158. Ferrer, Maria Salvacion Relleta. Effects of salinity on three species of gracilaria cultured in tanks. January 1998. 70-Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 F4)-Three species of Gracilaria (G. changii, G. Firma and G. tenuistipitata) were collected from the coastal areas of Sorsogonand cultured in concrete tanks at SEAFDEC/AQD Tigbauan, Iloilo. Two culture runs were done: (1) May-June, and (2) September to October, 1994. A stocking density of 1 kg m-2 was used with three salinity levels (15, 25 and 35 ppt). Weekly sampling was done to monitor the morphological variations, growth, yield, and pigment levels of test specimens. A 4- alkali pre-treatment for agar extraction was used to determine the agar yield while 1.5 - agar sol was used in the analysis of the gel quality. // Results showed that salinity strongly affected the morphology, growth and yield of cultured specimens. Cultured Gracilaria exhibited brittle thalli and lighter color at 15 ppt, while discoloration and mortality of thalli were evident at 25 and 35 ppt during two runs. // The three Gracilaria species are euryhaline but they differed in tolerance ranges. The highest growth rates of 3.6 - was obtained from G. firma at 35 ppt during the first run, and 3.3 - from G. tenuistipitata at 15 ppt during the second run. Significant differences were obtained in G.changii and G. tenuistipitata, and in G. firma and G. tenuistipitata at 25 and 35 ppt during the first run (P<0.05). The highest estimated prodcution in dry weight were obtained from G. firma with 2.49 kg m-2y-1 at 25 ppt during first run; and from G. tenuistipitata with 2.35 kg m-2y-1 at 15 ppt during second run. // Agar yields and gel strengths were higher at higher salinities (25 and 35 ppt) in both runs. -Gracilaria firma obtained the highest agar yield of 22.4 - (35 ppt), while G. tenuistipitata yielded the highest gel strength of 1, 082 g cm-2 (35ppt). This indicates that Gracilaria changii and G. firma are suitable for food agar while G. tenuitipitata has potential for agarose extraction.-"
159. Huit, Nenita Buban-Evaluation of fish silage prepared with molasses and sargassum spp. May 1986. 82 leaves.-Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 H85) Fish silages were prepared from fish offal (heads, tails, fins and viscera of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) by addition of either dried ground sargassum at an amount equivalent to 15 - of the fish offal and molasses at the rate of 25 - by weight of fish offal and molasses at the rate of 25 - by weight of fish offal sargassum mixture (Lot A), or molasses at an amount equivalent to 25 - of the fish offal (Lot B) followed by fermentation. // Chemical components such as pH, titrable acidity, amino-nitrogen and reducing sugar were determined at regular intervals within the 15-day fermentation period at ambient temperature. The microbial counts increased and later decreased with ensilaging time. // The nutritional properties of the fish silage were determined by assaying growth responses in broiler chicks. Each lot of silage was dried and incorporated in feeds which were made iso-proteinic. Results showed that Feed 1 (fish-sargassum-molasses mixture) and feed 2 (feed-cassava-molasses mixture) were significantly inferior to Feed 3 (commercial feed). However, Feed 1 and Feed 2 were not statistically different from each other at 5 - level. Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), particularly of fish-sargassum-molasses mixture was almost comparative with the commercial feed.-"
160. Luhan, Ma. Rovilla J.-Assessment of the natural bed of Gracilaria heteroclada (Zhang et Xia) in Jaro, Iloilo-June 1991. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1991 F5 L8) The study was conducted to determine the seasonality of biomass, reproductive states, and agar quality of Gracilaria heteroclada and the effect of the different environmental factors on this paarmeters. Biomass was collected using a quadrat, plants were sectioned to determine population fertility, and agar was analyzed using the method of Nelson et al. (1983). Peak biomass in Februray (45 g/m2) and lowest in July (1.16 g.m2) reveale biomass seasonality in the area. fertile plants were seasonal with the highest carposporophyte occurrence in January (48 -) and low the rest of the year; and highest tetrasporophyte occurrence in May (64-) and low the rest of the year. Gel strength and yield were negatively correlated. Good agar quality occurred during dry season and poor quality during wet season.-"
161. Mamaril, Eden Fontanilla. Isolation, screening and characterization of nata-producing microorganisms from seaweed pulp (Gracilaria sp.). March 1998. 108 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 M3) Isolation, screening and characterization of probable nata-producing microorganism was conducted on samples prepared from bleach-dry Gracilaria sp.
Probable nata-producing isolate EM23 from fresh pulp extract sample exhibited characteristics similar to known nata organism Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum both morphologically and physiologically.
Isolate EM23 is capable of producing acceptable quality nata film/pellicle from 30 - Gracilaria seaweed pulp extract at pH 5.0, 25 - inoculum and 10 - sugar at room temperature (28-32oC).
Chemically, the nata produced which is cellulosic in nature contains 97.22 - moisture, 0.55 - (w/w) crude fiber having a total available carbohydrates ( as - glucose) of 70 - . Sensory, nata quality was generally found to be comparable to nata de coco, both raw and cooked, with its texture slightly better than nata de coco.
Gracilaria seaweed pulp extract was proven to be a promising/potential source/raw material of both probable nata-producing organisms as starter/inoculum and an acceptable quality nata as a food item.-"
Shrimps
162. Chua, Wilma Quitoriano. Dehydration and storage studies of indigenous shrimp (Paleamon Nematopalaeemon) tenuipes of Cagayan. April 1989. 143 leaves. -Thesis -M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1989 F5 C58) -Indigenous shrimps of Cagayan locally called "aramang" was identified by the National Museum to belong to the family Palaemonidae, Genus Palaemon (Nematopalaemon) tenuipes (Henderson, 1893). The drying parameters for shrimps such as temperature (35oC, 45oC, 55oC), air velocity (0.5 mps, 1.0 mps, 1.5 mps), drying layer thickness (0.5 cm, 1.5 cm), and air flow direction ( upward, downward) were studied. Results indicated the drying parameter combination of 45oC-0.5 cm thickness 1.0 mps- upward air flow was appropriate fro drying the shrimp species. The species dried in approximately 4 hours to a final moisture content (MC) of 20%. At the end of the three-month storage period, artificially dried shrimps packed in carton and polyethylene bags showed mean acceptability scores of 5.8 and 6.2, respectively at 10oC; while at 28oC, the mean scores were 5.3 and 5.7 for the carton and polyethylene, respectively. Polyethylene bags used as packaging material proved significantly better than carton. In sundried samples, storage at 10oC in carton and polyethylene showed a maximum shelf-life of 2.5 months, whereas, at 28oC, it was 2.25 months. At 28oC, the samples stores in PE were rejected with a score of 4 when the MC, Aw, Astacene, TVN and ammonia contents were 18.83, 0.74, 1.25, 113.37 and 86.40, respectively. Similarly, samples packed in carton were rejected when these values were 15.49, 0.672, 1.37, 107.95, and 85.01, respectively. At storage temperature of 10oC, these values were 18.07, 0.724, 1.65, 111.59 and 86.44 for samples in PE, whereas, in carton, these were 9.02, 0.439, 1.40, 89.06, respectively.-"
Siganids
163. Aragones, Naniel De Vera-Taxonomy, distribution, and relative abundance of juvenile siganids and aspects of the Padas fishery in Bolinao, Pangasinan. July 1987. 69 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas-Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1987 A73) -Juvenile siganids in abundance are found to belong to three species: Siganus canaliculatue (Mungo Park), S. spinue (Linnaeue) and S. Argenteus (Quoy & Galmand). They are common around Santiago island off Bolinao during the peak of juvenile inshore migration and are abundant about the channel off Malinap and off Tagaporo islet, where the reef flat is characterized by a dense cover of seagrasses (Enhalus and thalassia spp.) Juvenile siganids are caught by bag net in deep waters and by beach seine and fish corral in the reef flats. This smaller S. canaliculatus (20-30 mm SL) comprise the bulk of the pino padas, while S. spinus (20-40 mm SL) and S. argenteus (46-56 mm SL) comprise the bulk of the larger darigayos padas. The juveniles of the three species are caught in commercial quantities from March to May, but only S. canaliculatus juvenile are caught in abundance from August to September. All become rare at other times of the year. The study shows that the seasonality and abundance of siganid juveniles in Cape Bolinao conforms to the 5-to 7-month monsoonal periodicity of the recruitment pulses typical of Philippine fishes, while the last active fishing of the padas has been traditionally times with the last quarter and new moon lunar phases when tidal fluctuations are at a minimum.-"
164. Toledo, Ceferino Fernandez. Survival and growth of siganid (Siganus Guttatus) in floating net cages with commercial formulated feed and filamentous green alga (Chaetomorpha Linum. May 1990. 73 leaves -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2001 F5 C47) Four experimental feeds namely: commercial formulated feed (CFF) containing 25 - crude protein (Treatment I). CFF containing 30 - Crude protein (Treatmeent 2), combination of 50 - CFF containing 30 - crude protein and 50 - filamentous green algae (lumut) (Treatment 3) and "lumut" only (Treatment 4) were tested to determine their effects on the survival and growth of siganus guttatus reared in floating net cages in seawater at a stocking density of 50 fish/m3 for 122 days.
Results indicated that commercial formulated feeds had significantly better effects on growth and production of S. guttatus compared with the combination of 50 - CFF and 50 - "lumut" and the "lumut" only. The highest mean growth of 77.7 g/fish and production of 4.18 kg/m3 cage obtained in Treatment 2 did not differ significantly from the growth of 70.1 g/fish and production of 3.86 kg/m3 in Treatment I. On the other the growth of 44.9 g/fish and a production of 2.56 kg/m3 obtained in Treatment 3 was not significantly different from the lowest growth of 40.8 g/fish and production of 2.26 kg/m3 in Treatment 4.
The mean rate of survival ranged from 89 - 96 - with no significant differences among the four treatments.
Treatment 2, 1 and 3 in this order had a mean conversion values of 2.3, 2.5 and 3.4 respectively which were not siginificantly different from each other but highly different from Treatment 4 (18.1).
The commercial formulated feeds with 25 - and 30 - crude protein (CP) appeared to be economically feasible as feed for net cage culture of S. guttatus. A net income of P113.25 /m3 -cage and a benefit cost ratio of 1.47 were obtained from fish fed with CFF containing 30 - CP, while only P75.50 and 1.32 were obtained from fish fed with the CFF containing 25 - CP.-"
Slipmouth
165. Pagdilao, Cesario R.-Taxonomy, growth and mortality of slipmouths (Order Perciformes, Family Leiognathidae) in Manila Bay. December 1982. 114 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 M2 P34) A study was conducted, from May to August 1980, of the biology of slipmouth (pisces: Leiognathidae) in Manila Bay.
Slipmouth (or sapsap) contributed only 0.43 - of the total trawl catch during the sampling period of four (4) months. The dominant species was Secutor insidiator.
Only seven (7) species of the family were collected out of the fourteen (14) species reported earlier from the Manila Bay. Leiognathus fasciatus, which was not reported in Manila bay was collected during the investigation.
A taxonomic key of the seven (7) species were prepared. In addition, length-weight and morphometric relationships were computed.
Due to insufficient number of samples, it was not possible to estimate the growth parameters of the Von Bertalanffy Growth Formula (VBGF) from the data collected. However, the raw data of Tiews and Caces-Borja (1965) were reanalyzed to determine the parameters of the VBGF using the ELEFAN I computer program and the Gulland and Holt method. Mortality rates exploitation ratio and recruitment patterns were determined using the ELEFAN II computer program.-"
Snapper
166. Estudillo, Mary Chona Belen-Salinity tolerance of eggs and larvae of the mangrove Red Snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus). April 1998. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 E8)-A series of experiments aws carried out to evaluate the salinity preference of eggs and larvae of Lutjanus argentimaculatus during ontogeny. L. argentimaculatus eggs at morula, embryonic shield and eyed stage were transferred directly to five salinity gradients (8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 ppt). Eggs transferred at morula and eyed stage showed significantly high tolerance to salinity changes than those transferred at embryonic shield stage. The eggs developed and hatched in all salinities regardless of the embryonic stage at transfer. Embryonic development was delayed and hatching peak was relatively longer at salinities of 8, 16, and 42ppt than at 32 and 40 ppt. larval length and yolk volume at hatching did not vary significantly with salinity. No significant relationship was observed between yolk resorption and larval growth at varying salinities. Percentages of viable larvae increased with increasing salinities, while a negative correlation existed between percentages of abnormal larvae and salinities indicating that the optimum salinity range for egg incubation is 32 and 40 ppt.
Tolerance of L. argetimaculatus larvae to salinity, Changed with age. Newly hatched larvae tolerated abrupt change of salinity from 8 to 4o ppt than 7-14- or 21-day old larvae. High tolerance to abrupt salinity change increased starting on day 28. Regardless of age, L. argentimaculatus larvae consistently showed longer LT50 when abruptly transferred to 16 ppt. Long term effect of salinity (larval reaing) gave no significant differnes on growth and survival rates during the first rearing -phase (day 0-21) and second phase of rearing (day 22-50). However, the condition factor (K) of larvae reared at lower salinities was significantly higher compared to those at 40 ppt indicating that the larvae reared at 40 ppt were leaner (P<0.05). Gill epithelia of 42- and 50-day old larvae showed increased size and density of chloride cells (CC) at higher salinities (32 and 40 ppt). The increase in size and density of CC at salinities of 24 and 16 ppt indicate the osmoregulatory function of the CC at higher salinities.-"
Spot
167. Baldevarona, Rodolfo B. Effect of feeding and stocking density on growth and survival of spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede. 1987. 117 leaves. Dissertation –Ph D. in Marine Science—University of South Carolina.—South Carolina, USA. Available: CFOSL-SerialLG996 1987 F5 B34) –The objectives of this study were to estimate the size of the wild population of spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede, in North Inlet estuary, South Carolina, and to determine the effects of feeding and stocking density on their growth and survival. To estimate the wild population, a tag and recapture method was used and samples wer taken for wight, length and otolith analysis. Growth rates were also estimated. To satisfy the second objective, feeding experiments were conducted in a battery of aquaria was equipped with a flow-through seawater system. All the fish used in these experiments were marked with oxytetracycline.HCL by immersion. The first feeding experiment determined which commercially available feeds (shrimp, trout and catfish chows) would yield the highest weight gain and survival of spot. The second feeding experiment used the identified feed to determine the optimum feeding ration for the stocking density experiment and the effect of staggered feeding ration. After each feeding experiments, fish were sacrificed and their otoliths removed and analyzed for increment formation.
The tag and recapture method effectively estimated the wild population of spot. The population reached its peak size in July and suddenly decline in August. The wild spot weight and length were logarithmically correlated spot weight and length were logarithmically correlated (Adj R-squared = 0.96), and the otolith weight with length (Adj R-squared = 0.96). Although fish weight gain from trout chow was not significantly higher than that of the shrimp chow. Trout chow gave a significantly higher weight gain thanf catfish chow. Because of this, trout chow was used in the feeding experiments. Spot had the highest weight gain when stocked at 2.0 g/L and fed at 6.0% of their total body weight. The widest otolith increment was found in fish stocked at 2.0 g/L and 3.0 g/L (2.0 g/L gave a higher value) and fed at 6.0% and 4.0% of their total body weight (6.0% gave a higher value). When staggered feeding regimes were administered to the fish, the fish gained the most weight when fed at 10.0% total body weight. Growth rates derived from this study were comparable with those from the wild population. Furthermore, the widest otolith increments were found in the fish during the first week of feeding and fed at 10.0% and 5.0% (10.0% gave a higher value) of their total body weight. Otolith increments were formed daily as demonstrated by the oxytetracycline.HCL marked at time zero.
Spotted scat
168. Cruz, Paul Felipe S. Dietary use of sex steroids and thyroid hormone as potential growth promoters for the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus Linnaeus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal). July 1988. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 C7)-The study evaluates the potential use of 17a-methyl testosterone (MT)., estradiol-17B (E2), and/or 3,5,3-tiiodo-L-thyronine (t3), as growth promoters for the spotted scat Scatophagus argus and milkfish Chanos chanos. Scat fry were fed indoor diets containing 0,0.1,1.0,5.0, and 10.0 ppm T3. No effect on growth, feed efficiency, and survival was detected after 200 days. Increasing doses resulted to a decreasing trend in condition factor and body-tail ratio. Other abnormalities were evident at 5.0 and 10.0 ppm T3. In adult scats, MT or E2 at 10.0 and 20.0 ppm, or at 10.0 ppm combination with 5.0 ppm T3, failed to improve growth after 70 days in pond cages. All hormone treatments had depressed growth and feed consumption. The control had the highest hepatosomatic index but was not significant to treatments 10.0 and 20.0 ppm E2. In milkfish, MT was tested indoor on juveniles at 0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 40.0 ppm. After 112 days, MT at 1.0 ppm appeared to be anabolic, improving growth by 27.1%. Higher doses tended to depress food consumption and growth. Growth was significantly depressed at 40.0 ppm MT. No hormonal effect was observed on feed efficiency and survival. Increasing MT doses caused a trend of increasing condition factor. There appears to be no anabolic potential of MT, E2, and/or T3 on scats. The study suggests species specificity on the anabolic potency of these hormones. Use of MT to enhance growth in juvenile milkfish appears to have promising commercial applications.-"
Tilapia
169. Duremdez, Roselyn C.-Identification and characterization of the physiological properties of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from cultured Sarotherodon niloticus fry. October 1982. 98 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 D87) Identification and examination of the physiological behaviour of Pseudomonas species isolated from frys of Sarotherodon niloticus was conducted. Based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics, the bacterium was identified as a strain closest to Pseudomonas flourescens. In vitro physiological growth patterns at varying temperatures, NaCl concentrations, and pH were observed for a maximum of 11 days incubation period. Bacterial growth occurred at the temperature range of 10 o to 41 oC but not at 4 o and 42 oC with optimum growth at 25 o to 30 oC. The bacterium tolerates NaCl concentrations of 0 to 50 ppt but not at 70 ppt. Optimum growth was obtained for 0-15 ppt. Likewise, it can grow at pH 5.0 to 9.7 but inhibited at pH 4.6 and pH 10.6. Optimum growth for pH ranged from 5.0 to 8.4.
Upon isolation of the test bacterium into different water samples from shallow well, drinking water (MIWD) dam, freshwater pond, cold spring, lake, reservoir, river, and hot spring, growth and rapid multiplication was noted with viability maintained throughout the 148 days incubation period. In brackishwater medium, growth of the isolated pathogenic bacterium was observed until 50 days. In seawater, the test bacterium did not thrive.-"
170. Aquino, Lolita Vega. Some ecological considerations relative to cage culture of Tilapia nilotica in Sampaloc Lake. October 1982. 77 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas-Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1982 F5 A68)-Temperature profiles of Sampaloc Lake were determined from September 1979 to September 1980 to establish the stratification behavior of the lake. Primary production was measured from November 1979 to October 1980 by the light-and-darkbottle oxygen method. Bioassays of the lake water with hypolimnial water and with nutrient concentrate were made from July to September 1980 to determine if nutrients are limiting the production. One cubic meter experimental cages made of CC-polyehylene nets were installed in triplicates at the SW portion of the lake andstocked with T. nilotica fingerlings at 50 m-3 for growth study. Stockings were made 6 times from March 1980 to September 1980. Thermal stratification was observed from September to November 1979 and March to September 1980. The period December 1979 to February 1980 appeared to be a season of instability with periods of upwelling anoxic hypolimial water that could make the lake unfit for fish culture. Bioassays indicated that nutrients were limiting in August 1980. Although primary production during the period for cage culture was observed to be from March to July. Fingerlings stocked during this period grew from 5 to 100g in three months. The following equations established certain relationships: a. Fish growth (Y) and Gross Primary Production m-3day-1(X) Y = 0.74 + 2.18 log 10 x r2 = 0.69 s = +- 0.21 b. Visibility(Y) and Gross Primary Production m-3day-1(x) Y = 1.94 - 2.13log x c. Gross Primary Production (X3), initial weight (X2) and fish -growth (X1) Xi = 12.54 - 6.50log10x2 + 9.15 log 10x3 r2 = 0.54 s = +-1.6 The maximum yield that could be expected in Sampaloc Lake during the period from March 15 to November 30 was estimated to be 400-700 kg/ha-1 based on the total gross primary prduction of 450.6 g C m-2 and Prowse's conversion efficiency of 1.79-1.02- primary to fish production. Lack of proper management, particularly stocking beyond the lake's capacity appeared to be the major cause of slow growth of T. nilotica in the cages.-"
171. Atmini, Sri. . Effects of various lipid sources on growth, survival, and feed conversion ratio of Tilapia Hybrid Fry (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus) reared in brackishwater. April 1992. 49 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 S75) An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of various lipid sources on growth, survival, and feed converstion ratio of tilapia hybrid fry (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus) under brackishwater rearing conditions (20-25 ppt). Six diets (14 or 23- crude fat, 30- protein, 4,293 to 4,775 kcal/kg) were used. After a 5-week conditioning, fish (0.84-+0.38g; 3.31-+0.59 cm TL) were stocked in 200 liter brackishwater at 50 individuals/tank. Twenty-one 300 liter conical fiberglass tanks attached to a recirculating water system (0.5-1.0 liter/min flow rate) were used. Fish were fed diets containing either 3- cod liver (CLO3, Trt.I, control), and 10- cod liver (CLO10, Trt. II), 10- olive (00, Trt.III), 10- soya (SO, Trt. IV), 10- corn (CO, Trt.V), 10- coconut (CoO, Trt. VI), or 10- sesame (SeO, Trt.VII) oils. Feeding rate was adjusted every week; feeding was four times daily.
Among the treatments, fish fed CLO10 has numerically the highest mean body weight (13.16 g), followed by CoO (12.54 g), So and CLO3 (12.09 g), CO (11.78 g), OO (10.35 g ), and SeO (9.65 g). Survial and FCR ranged from 92.67 to 98.0- and 1.78 to 2.11, repectively. Weight gain, survival rate, and FCR were not significantly different among treatment means (P> 0.05). Fat deposition in the control increased significantly from an initial 26.01 to 37.7 -. Final fat deposition in the treatments ranged 45.87 to 48.28-. Cod liver oil, coconut oil, and soya oil seem to be the sources of lipid. However,-the cheaper sources of lipid like coconut and soya oil are recommended.-"
172. Avillanosa, Augustus P. -Reproduction, growth, survival and carcass composition of two strains and reciprocal crosses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1757). April 1999. 69 leaves Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1999 F5 A85) Two F1 Nile tilapia strains and their reciprocal crosses were evaluated fromtheir seed production in this study. The two Nile Tilapia strains were : the Nile Zarraga (NZ) strain and the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). The experimental treatments consisted of : Trt I (NZ female x NZ male); Trt II (GIFT female x NZ male); Trt III(NZ female x GIFT male); and Trt IV (GIFT female and GIFT male).
After 14 days of breeding in hapa at a stocking density of 224.1 to261.0 g/m3, results showed that seed production was influenced by strain. The highest seed production was obtained by intra-strain cross Trt I at 4,568 seed/ kg female and was significantly (P.0.05) different from Trt IV with 2,110 seed/ kg female. However, Trt I did not significantly differ from inter-strain cross TrtII with 3, 265 seed/ kg female.
The F2 of two strains and their reciprocal crosses were evaluated for their growth, survival and carcass composition comparing the normal and methyltestosterone (MT)- treatments. The fry (0.01 g) of all crosses were given no hormone feed for normal treatments and with methyltestosterone hormone feed for MT- treatments for 28 days. For the normal treatment there were four treatments, Trt IA, IIA, IIIA, and IVA, while in the MT-treatments, Trt IB, IIB, IIIB, and IVB. All treatments were subjected to three consecutive rearing experimental phases: sex reversal treatment (SRT), nursery and grow- out phases.
In the SRT phase, fry stocked at 100 pcs/m3 in hapa for 28 days rearing and in the nursery phase, fingerlings stocked at 250 pcs/m3 for 49 days of - rearing, showed no effect of strain and hormone on fry growth.
In the grow-out phase, wherein fish were stocked at 50 pcs/m3 reared for 57 days in cages, comparing Trt IIA with normal treatments, Trt IIA obtained significantly (P,0.01) higher mean weight (105.53 g) over other normal treatments. Trt IIB obtained higher mean weight (146.23 g) and total production (7.31 kg/m3) which were significantly (P,0.01) different from the other MT-treatments indicating the advantage of maternal contribution of the GIFT strain.
Carcass traits (dressed and filleted weights) of Trt IV (GIFT female x GIFT male) was highest in both normal and MT treatments. In the proximate composition, protein, fat fiber and ash content, no differences were found in all treatments.
The inter-strain cross GIFT female x NZ male in Trt II and hormone treating their fry gave better growth in the grow-out phase than other treatments. This also indicated that maternal effect and hormone treatment improved fish growth in the grow-out phase, but not in the early rearing phase (SRT and nursery phases). This further showed that ther is no improvement on the fish growth at the grow-out phase in the MT-treatments as compared to the normal treatments because the MT-treatments had high percentage(91.5 to 93.5 -) of male.-"
173. Badillo, Susan Delos Santos. The Effect of sex reversal treatment on the growth and survival of two strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Mossambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) raised in brackishwater. August 2000. 60 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 B33)-A study to determine the effects of sex reversal (SRT) on the growth and survival of the two strains of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Mossambiquetilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was conducted in four 2m x 1m x 1.5m suspendedhapa nets in UPV-IA Hatchery and Biology brackishwater fishpond for 75 days. Theexperimental treatments and codes used in this study were the following, Treatment GGn (GIFT/normal), Treatment GGsrt (GIFT/sex reversal), Treatment MMn (Moss/normal), Treatment GEsrt(GIFT-Egypt/sex reversal). Juvenile fry (average weight 0.01 g0 were subjected to sex reversal treatment by feeding fish diet with methyltestoterone at 60 mg per kg of feed for three weeks in freshwater.
After SRT,the fingerlings were nursed in fine mesh net (0.5 mm mesh, 2m x 1m x 1m) for 30 days until the fish attained the weight from 3.0 g to 5.3 g. They were individually tagged by fin clipping method. They were acclimated from 0 ppt to 20 ppt prior to experimental proper. Juvenile fish were fed with a commercial feed at 15- of their mean body weight per day from 1-30 days and 10 - per day of their mean body weight from day 31-75 days culture period.
Within the normal treatments, there was no significant (P<0.05)>0.05) different from Treatment GEsrt, but showed high significant (P<0.01) difference with Treatment MMsrt, similar to the normal treatments.
The highest average biomass of 808.88 g was obtained in Treatment GGsrt followed by Treatment GEsrt (795.58 g) and lowest in treatment MMn (367.63 g). The biomass gain of Tilapia within the normal treatments ranged from 282.6 g to 672.95 g. TReatment GGn showed no significant (P>0.05) different from Treatment GEn, but both were significantly higher from Treatment MMn. The same trend was observed within sex reversal treatments.
Treatment GGn obtained the highest (589.70-) percentage biomass gain and Treatment MMn (335.01-) was the lowest within the normal treatments. In sex reversal treatment, Treatment GGsrt has no significant difference with Treatment GEsrt, but both showed a high significant difference in treatment MMsrt.
Highest specific growth rate was observed in Treatment GGn(2.62 g day-1) and lowest Treatment MMn (1.97 g day-1). Mean condition factor (MCF) of tilapia was highest in Treatment GGn (1.60), followed by Treatment GEn (1.56) and lowest in Treatment MMsrt (1.17). Within the normal treatments, Treatment GGn and GEn showed no significant difference (P>0.05), but both were significantly higher (P<0.01) than Treatment MMn. Within the SRT treatment, all treatments showed highly significant (P<0.01) difference from each other with highest at Treatment GGsrt and lowest at Treatment MMsrt. Mean survival ranged from 95- to 100-.
Highest percent male population was obtained in hormone-treated fish (95-100-) compared to normal treatments 64-71 -). Sex reversaldid not.improve growth and survival of the two strains of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), but improved the growth of Mossambique tilapia (O. mossambique) significantly after 75 days under the conditions this experiment was conducted.
174. Belmonte, Bernardo Dindo B. Effects of feeding schemes and feeding frequencies on growth and survival of Tilapia Hybrid(Oreochromis niloticus X O. mossambicus) raised in cages in brackishwater. April 1994.. 60 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1994 F5 B4) A study to determine an effective feeding scheme and feeding frequency was carried out with fingerlings produced from cross breeding of Oreochromis niloticus female and O. mossambicus male and was subjected to sex-reversal treatment. Fingerlings 24.1g each were stocked at 215 fish/cu m in plastic cage in brackishwater. There were two feeding schemes: first at the feeding rate of 10,6,4,(T1) and second 10,8,6- (T2) body weight on the 1-18th, 19-36th, 3-83rd days respectively. For every feeding scheme there were two feeding frequencies at two times and six times per day. All treatments were assigned at random. A commercial tilapia feed (B-Meg), starter and grower, were used for 83 cultured days. The mean body weight per fish and total fish production which ranged from 256.6 to 324.1g per fish and from 51.8 to 62.7 kg per cage, respectively, were not significantly different between the two feeding schemes (T1 and T2). However, mean total fish production were significantly higher in fish fed six times than fish fed two times per day. The feeding scheme significantly affected the apparent food conversion ratio (AFCR). The AFCR ranged from 1.0-1.1 and 1.4-1.5 in T1 and T2 feeeding schemes respectively, regardless of feeding frequency. Salinity , temperature and dissolved oxygen ranged from 13-25 ppt, 25-29 C ad\nd 4.6-11.3 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, water current and transparency ranged from 0.02-0.32 m/sec and from 30.0-90.0 cm, respectively. Simple cost analysis of all treatments revealed that treatment 1 at twice feeding per day had lowest production cost and highest net income, highest return on investments(ROI) and shorter payback period, hence most profitable.-"
175. Braganza, Rosita Nalzano. Spoilage pattern of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) acclimated to cold and warm water temperature-May 1986. 176 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Spoilage pattern, Nile tilapia, Watere temperature. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1986 F5 B73) -The shelf-life in ice of Oreochromis niloticus L. acclimated to cold and warm temperatures was determined. Objective tests such as pH, TVB, K-value and Hxwere used. Microbiological tests included total viable count, H2S- formers and identification of predominant spoilage organisms. Raw odour and texture, and cooked odour, flavour and texture of the fish were evaluated by six trained panelist. Fish acclimated to warm temperature showed an extended storage life in ice when compared to fish acclimated to cold temperatures. Sensory tests showed significant correlation with storage time. Microbiological tests were also found to correlate well with storage time. Among the objective tests, K-value and Hx concentration did not correlate with storage time and therefore are not useful indices for freshness of O. niloticus. Tests such as TVB, pH and log TVC showeda significant correlation with sensory scores.-"
176. Corre, Valeriano L. Culture of Nile tilapia in brackishwater fishponds using supplemental feeds containing various levels of protein-March 1981-38 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 C67)-An experiment was conducted in twelve 100m2 ponds of the Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo to determine the growth and survival of Tilapia nilotica in brackishwater ponds at supplement feeding and fertilization levels of management. Four treatments with three replicates each were: supplemental feeding with pelleted feeds containing 20% crude protein (Diet 2), 30% crude protein (Diet 3), and control with no feeding but fertilization only. The fish (4.10 g average weight) were stocked at a rate of 10,000 per hectare and grown to harvestable size for 90 days. Fish were fed twice daily six days a week at a rate of 5% body weight and adjusted every two weeks. Fish were sampled at four weeks interval . Diet 3 gave the best growth and highest net production (1,005.3 kg/ha), followed by Diet 2 with an average net production of 889.4 kg/ha, diet 1 (799 kg/ha) and the lowest was 342.1 kg/ha for the control (unfed but fertilized). the difference in growth and net production were significant at p 0.05. The hoghest growth attained by fish fed with Diet 3 indicated that 30% protein level in the diet provided for maximum growth. The highest average survival of 84% was attained in fish fed with Diet 2, followed by Diet 3 (82%), Diet 1 (79%) and the control (79%). However, significant differences were not observed among treatment means (p 0.05). The high survival showed that Tilapia nilotica could tolerate a wide range of salinity variations. The highest number of reproduction (fingerlings) was recovered from fish on Diet 3. Spawning occurred when salinity dropped to 14 ppt for four consecutive days ansd no spawning occurred in higher salinities. This result indicated that the higher salinity level may have some adverse effects on spawning. Net income above feed cost producing harvestable Tilapia nilotica in brackishwater fishponds showed that supplemental feedding was more profitable than culturing fish by fertilization alone. The 25% protein diet gave the highest profit among the three diets tested.-"
177. Dureza, Lourdes A. The Effects of Various Salinity and Methyltestosterone Levels on the Growth, Survival and Sex Reversal of Tilapia mossambica (Peters). March 1980. 55 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995^b1980^cF5 D87)-Fry of tilapia mossambica (Peters), 7-12 mm in total length, were produced in hapas and ponds under brackishwater condition (27-62 ppt) and were subjected to four levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 ppt) of salinity and four methytestosterone concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 ppm) using a 4 x 4 factorial experiment in a split-plot design. An aquarium phase using a close recirculating awter system, permitted the evaluation of the effects of salinity and hormone levels on survival, growth, and sex reversal of tilapia fry, while the pond phase tested the effectsof previous hormone and salinity treatments on the survival, growth, and sex reversal of tilapia post-fingerlings.
The tilapia fry raised to fingerlings in aquaria for 42-45 days at salinity 0 and 10 ppt had significantly better survival (57-87 -) and growth rate (1.7-8.4 mg/fish per day) than those fry reared at 20 and 30 ppt (P<0.05).>0.05) interaction between salinity and hormone levels on fish survival, growth and sex reversal. Methyltestosterone at 30 - 45 ppm produced 100 - male tilapia.
Data on further rearing of fingerlings to postfingerlings in ponds for one month, indicated that fish previously reared at low salinities (0 and 10 ppt) had good survival (85-93 -) and growth under pond condition at a salinity range of 32-49 ppt. There was no indication that sex reversal was altered in later stages of the fish reared under pond conditions.-"
178. Ferriol, Ophelia S. The effect of azolla on the yield of rice and fish grown in a rice-cum-fish culture system. June 1985. 114 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 F47) The effect of Azolla in the yield of rice and fish in arice-cum-fish culturesystem was investigated at the Palawan National Agricultural College using Complete Randomized Design. Tilapia nilotica was used with the IR-42 rice variety at the stocking density of 5000/ha and 1500/ha for the first and second trails, respectively. Two weeks after transplanting rice, fish were stocked and grown for 100 days.
A treatment of azolla with N, P, and K had more tillers than other treatments. Percent and weight of filled grains showed some trend as that of tiller count.
Grain yield of rice was highest in Treatment 1 (n,P,K and azolla, rice with fish). This was followed by T3 (N, P, and K, rice with fish), T2 (P,K and azolla, rice with fish) and T4 (N,P, and K only, rice without fish).
Alsofish production was highest in Treatment 1 (153.52 kg/ ha). This was followed byT2 (138.52 kg/ha) and T3 (126.11 kg/ha). Both trials showed the same trend as that of yield, i.e., highest in T1, followed by T2, and T3. Among treatments with fish the differnces in fish production were not significant.
Use of azolla both with and without N fertlizer showed increased income. When N was not applied but azolla added, the net income was higher by P115.56/ha. This is due to the higher cost of N fertilizer and lessr expense needed to produce azolla. Comparing T1 and T3 (which both had N, P, and K, but azolla not added to T3), T1 had a higher net return of P 196.02/ha. The results indicate that rice culture involved higher production cost than fish culture in rice paddies. The observations indi--dicate that fish culture in rice paddies is profitable and can provide an additional net income of about P 846.20/ha/crop.
Despite of some area used for trenches, the results indicate that there was no decline in rice production per unit area. In fact, it seems that the benefit derived by putting fish in the trenches was high enough to offset the decrease in income even if the whole area was devoted to rice only.-"
179. Fineman-Kalio, Arthur Sunday. Effects of supplemental feeds containing different protein : energy ratios on the growth and survival of tilapia nilotica in brackishwater ponds. April 1984. 124 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 F55) Nine (9) supplementary diets containing different protein : energy ratios were formulated and fed to Tilapia niloti ca fingerlings (average weight 2.90 g) in thirty 100 sq. m. fertilized brackishwater ponds of the UP-College of Fisheries Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo from November 7, 1982 to March 7, 1983 as follows : Treatment I (Control- no feeding but fertilization only); II (20:3,000 kcals); III(20:3,500 kcals);IV (20:4,000 kcals);V (25:3,000 kcals); VI (25:3,500 kcals);VII(25:4,000 kcals);VIII(30:3,000 kcals);IX(30:3,500 kcals); and X (30:4,000 kcals). // The highest mean weight gain of 102.21 g and net production of 25.34 kg/100sq. m. or equivalent to 2,534.62 kg/ha were obtained from TReatment X. A strong interaction between levels of protein and energy in the diets significantly affected weight gain, although there were no significant differences in net production of fish in different treatments probably due to influence of additional harvest of fingerlings from reproduction. Within the 30 - protein level, increasing energy levels from 3,000 kcals to 4,000 kcals had synergistic effects on the growth of the fish. However, high energy levels of 3,500 kcals to 4,000 kcals in combination with either 20 - or 25 - protein apparently interfered with protein utlization resulting in lower mean weights. Lower mean weight of fish was also obained in high protein-low energy die (30:3,000 kcals) which suggess hat non-protein energy required for protein catabolism was inadequate.
The best feed conversion was obained in treatment IX (1.55) while the - poorest was in treatment VI (2.04).
Fat and non-protein deposition was a ffected by the protein-energy ratios in the supplemental feeds. Condition factor was best in Treatment X with an index of 5.75 and lowes in treatment IV (5.32) and treatment VII (5.46) due to higher fat content of harvested fish. Low condition index in conrtol (treatment I) at 1.5011 was a direct result of low fat deposittion in the body.
Temperatures below 20oC slowed down growth rate of fish in all treatments. Meanwhile, reproduction occurred in all treatments at lower salinities of 17-29 ppt. Contribution to net production of fish at harvest by fingerlings from the reproduction ranged from a lower mean weight of 355.09 kg/ha in treatment VI to a high 1,059.61 kg/ha in treatment X among the fed treatments.
However, simple cost and returns analysis revealed that treatemnt II (20 : 3,000 kcals) gave the highest net income of P15.09 and P 13.94 per kilo of fish marketed, based on Iloilo and Metro Manila market prices, respectively mainly due to lower cost of the feed.-"
180. Lapie, Lustina Pelegrina. Processing and utilization of acid treated fish silage as feed for tilapia spp. May 1989. 74 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1989 F5 L3 ) Fish silages were prepared from ground fish offal (heads, tails, fins, viscera and trimmings of Sardinella spp.) by addtion of concentrated formic acid (98-) at an amount equivalent to 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 - v/w of the fish offal.
The degree of proteolysis was determined by monitoring the changes in PH and amino N at 3-day intervals for 12 days. The final product chosen for feed formulationwas the sample with the lowest concentration of formic acid (2.5 -) since the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant difference in amino N content among the samples, at 5 - level.
Digestibility studies of fish silage and fish meal showed that fish silage was more digestible than fish meal as indicated by the higher apparent digestibility coefficient obtained.
The efficiency of diets formulated from fish meal and those from fish silage and fish meal were compared by determining the growth responses in tilapia. The diets were iso-proteinic. Results showed that diet I (with fish meal) and Diet 2 (1:1, fish meal:fish silage) were more efficient than Diet 3 (1:3; fish meal: fish silage) as exhibited by higher average weight gain and specific growth rate values. The highest Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) was obtained in tilapia fed with Diet 2.-"
181. Recometa, Renato D.-Polyculture of nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and freshwater clam (Cristaria plicata) in ponds with supplemental feeding. July 1980. 42 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 R43) A study of the polyculture of Nile Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and freshwater clam (Cristaria plicata) with supplemental feeding was conducted to determine the effects on growth, survival, and total production of two densities of common carp in combination with tilapia as the main species, to determine the effects of clams on water quality and fish production, and to determine the extent of competition of carp on tilapia. The study aws conducted for 120 days in ponds of approximately 500 m2 each. Results indicated that mean net production for tilapia in all treatments did not differ significantly suggesting that tilapia cultured in combination with carp and clam had growth artes comparable with tilapia alone. Mean net production for carp differed sigificantly due to differences in stocking rates. The clams showed relatively poor growth in all treatments and apparently have not contributed to increased tilapia production. There was no evidence that the clam at a density of 500/ha helped in either reducation of waste products and maintenance of cleaner water. // There was marked evidence for food competition between tilapia and carp in Treatments I and II. The degree of competition was considered greater in population with lower density (Treatment II). This might be due to the size attaied by the carp in this treatment, such that, they might have established stable feeding positions over tilapia.
Percentage weight distribution for tilapia and carp showed more than 50 - attaining weight range of 100-200 g. The weight range for tilapia-were almost identical in all treatments. However, carp at the same level varied considerably. Carp in Treatment I showed 89.6 - within the range of 100 - 200 g compared with Treatment II with 58.8 -. The higher density of carp in Treatmet II (2,000/ha) could be the contributing factor in attaining this size group compared to Treatmet II (1,000/ha).-"
182. Saluan-Abduhasan, Fathma. Quality changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after delayed icing and subsequent storage in ice-April 1985. 118 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas-Miagao Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1985 F5 A23)-Quality changes in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) iced directly on harvesting were compared to those occuring when icing was delayed. Chemical and sensory examinations showed that the shelf life of tilapia was 26 days when iced immediately, 20 days and 16 days with 4 and 8 hours delay, respectively. Fish kept at ambient temperature for 12 hours were rejected for one day in ice. These re-sults suggests that for every hour delay in icing the effective shelf life is reduced by approximately one day up to the 8th hour delay. Total volatile nitro- gen values increased with storage time. Likewise, K-value and hypoxantine values increased as storage time increased. The initial bacterial load rangedfrom 10 raised to 3 up to 10 raised to 4 cfu/g of fish. At rejection, the microbial load was 10 raised to 8 up to 10 raised to 9 cfu/g of fish with H2S-producers count of 10 raised to 6 up to 10 raised to 7 cfu/g. The typical off odours of naturally spoiling fish have been reproduced inblocks of sterile muscle by organisms such as Alteromonas putrefaciens, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas flourescens and Pseudomonas stutze-ri.-"
183. Salvador, Ronelie Chato. Growth, survival and bacterial load of sex-reversed tilapia hybrid (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) cultured in seawater netcages at various stocking densities-May 1992-84 -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1992 F5 S2) The growth performance and survival of tilapia hybrid (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus) in the marine environment were compared at three stocking densities (50,100 and 200 fish/m3). The bacterial population of the cultured stocks and seawater was also investigated to obtain baseline information on seacage management procedures, particularly disease prevention and control. // The fry hybrids were spawned in freshwater, sex reversed for three weeks at 5- 15 ppt, nursed for about one month in tanks at 15 - 25 ppt, and reared in 1 m3 floating netcages for 131 days at 34- 38 ppt. Specific growth rate, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, survival, fish yield and bacterial load were determined at each stocking density. // No significant difference in specific growth rates, condition factors, feed conversion ratios and survival was observed between stocking densities. Difference in fish yield was highly significant between 100 and 200 fish/m3. Specific growth rates (2.78 - - 2.98 -) and condition factors (1.78 - - 1.85 -) were low but feed conversion ratios (2.78 - 3.22 ) were high. This result was correlated to high energy demand of osmoregulation, growth and agression at high salinity. // Bactera isolated from liver samples and rearing seawater were Pseudomonas sp. (35.71 -), Flavobacterium sp. (28.58 -), Vibrio sp. (21.43 -), Alcaligenes sp. (7.14 -) and Acitenobacter sp. ( 7.14 -). No correlation between bacterial load of rearinng seawater, fish biomass and water physico-chemical parameters was observed. // Studies on feeding requirement in- seawater and the growth response of tilapia hybrid at seacage biomass higher than 200 fish/m3 are recommended.-"
184. Silva, Alberto Alfar. Modular system of culturing mixed-sex java tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus in brackishwater fishpond at two stocking densities. October 1993. 85 leaaves -Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials-Two experimental culture systems for Java tilapia, namely : modular system with two stocking densities of 6,667/ha and 13, 334/ha, Treatments I and III, respectively, and straight culture system also with two stocking densities of 6,667/ha and 13,334/ha Treatments II and IV, respectively, were tested to determine their effects on the growth and survival of mixed-sex Java Tilapia in 16 units of 450 sq. m. ponds of the Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo. The experiment was conducted using a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated four times for a period of 86 days.
Average initial weight of the experimental fish ranged from 28.67 g to 31.46 g. Highest mean weight for tilapia at harvest was obtained in Treatment I (56.13 g) Mean weights of tilapia for Treatments II, III and IV were 47 .63 g, 51.31 g, and 49.48 g, respectively. The effect of treatments in mean weight at harvest were not significantly different (P>0.05).
The mean rate of survival did not differ significantly among Treatments. Highest survival was obtained in Treatment I (85.33 -) while Treatment IV gave the lowest survival of 77.58 -.
In terms of tilapia young production (kg/ha) at harvest, the modular ponds (Treatments I and III) differ significantly from the straight-culture system (Treatments II and IV). There was no significant Difference between Treatment I (23.22 kg/ha) and Treatment III (32.97 kg/ha) while Treament II (250.51 kg/ha) differd significantly from Treatment IV (177.43 kg/ha) at 5 -level of significance. Meanwhile, average -number of young tilapia assessed at transfer in modular ponds was obviously higher in Treatment III (22,448/ha) from Treatment I (15, 264/ha).
Profitwise, Treatment III gave the highest return of investment and cost-benefit ratio of 59.52 - and 1.59, respectively, which indicated the advantage of using modular system with higher stocking density as one of the best culture systems of culturing mixed-sex Java Tilapia.-"
Tuna
185. Abuso, Zenaida V. The Occurence, distribution and abundance of larval stages of tunas in Ragay Gulf, Burias Pass, Ticao Pass and waters North of Samar Sea. March 1988. 118 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5 A2)-A total of 146 tuna larvae representing a 0.004- share in the total fish larvae catch was collected from Ragay Gulf, Burias Pass, Ticao Pass and waters north of Samar Sea during the sampling period from November 1981 to December 1982. Seven species of tunas were identified and described to species level. Euthynnus affinis and Thunnus obesus comprised a highest relative abundanceof 24.05- in the larval tuna collection. Auxis thazard and A. rochei were sec- ondly abundant with 16.0- and 14.0- share, respectively. Thunnus albacares, Thunnus alalunga and Katsuwonus pelamis were relatively rare with only 5, 4 and 2.0- share, respectively. The highest abundance of the larvae were observed mainly in Ragay Gulf in May where warmer temperatures ranging from 26.56oC to 28.91oC and salinity values from 33.97o/oo to 34.42o/oo prevailed.-"
186. Barut, N.C. Food and feeding habits of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) caught by handline around Payao in Moro Gulf. 1987. 95 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-College of Fisheries,UPV-Iloilo City. Location: ICLARM Library Item no.1686-"
187. Djazuli, Nazori. Quality changes in skipjack tuna (Katsowonus pelamis) after delayed icing and subsequent storage in ice (0oC -2oC). November 1991. 119 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials-Quality changes in skipjack tuna (Katsowunos pelamis) held at ambient temperature (27o- 32oC) and ice (0o - 2oC) with different time interval delays in icingwere studied.
Sensory evaluation showed that the shelf-life of skipjack tuna was 16.9 hours at ambient temperature, 18.7 days when iced immediately, and 11.2, 7.06, or 4.9 days with 5, 10, or 15 hours delay, respectively. Shelflife of skipjack tuna in ice was reduced by approximately one day for every hour delay in icing.
Nucleotide decomposition expressed as percent K-value were 60.6 to 79.5- at rejection levels. However hypoxanthine values, were found to be low reaching 0.17 to 0.22 um/g at the end of the study (20 day). Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) values of fish held at ambient temperature increased progressively reaching values of 39.1 mg/100g at rejection point. In Contrast, TVN values during storage in ice were found to be fluctuating. Both hypoxanthine and TVN were questionable as quality indices for this species stored in ice at 0o -2oC.
Total viable count (TVC) increased progressively reaching counts of 10 +6 to 10+7 cfu/g at rejection point for fish held at ambient temperature and 10 +7 to 10 +8 cfu/g for fish stored in ice respectively. H2s producer count at ambient temperature was found to be low reaching 10 +3 to 10 +4 cfu/g at the end of the experiment (20 hours). However during storage in ice, H2S producer count increased progressively reaching 10 +5 to 10 +7 at rejection point.
Histamine in both white and dark meat increased with storage time when it was rejected, histamine content- were 5.87, to 7.36 mg- and 5.97 to 7.37 mg- for white and dark meat, respectively. White meat contained higher histamine level than did dark meat at the last stages of the study.-"
188. Prado, Valentino Verona. Analysis of the purse seine-caught skipjack tuna katsowonus pelamis, and associated species around Payaos in Ilocos waters. August 1998. 124 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials(LG995 1998 F5 P3) The study, "Analysis of the Purse seine-caught Skipjack Tuna (Katsowunos pelamis), and Associated Species Around Payaos in Ilocos Waters", was conducted to obtain information on purse seine-payao fishing activity and major species caught along Ilocos Waters. Purse seine landings were monitored from January to December 1993. Catch, species composition, effort annd characteristic of payaos were evaluated and analyzed.
Findings indicated that purse seine landings consist of 90 - tunas and 10 - associated species. Among the tunas, skipjack and the yellowfin are the dominant species consisting average contributions of 65- and 20 - of the total landings respectively. Both species occur year round. The peak season of skipjack is during the NE monsoon months with the highest catch rate in March. Meanwhile, roundscad form the bulk of the bycatch.
Results also showed that about 10 - of skipjack and 40- yellowfin landings are immature or small-sized.
Analysis of the characteristics of the payaos suggests that bamboo payao is better compared to steel. Statistical test reveal significant variations on the performance of both payaos along this coast.
The distribution of the payao-associated skipjack is within 23 to 69 cm range with major and minor peaks at 44-46 and 32-34 cm respectively. The length weight conversion value for this species is W=3.565 x 10 raised to -6, L raised to 3.4385, r2 = 0.94.
Findings also show that several maturity stages may be available to the fishery in any season of the year. The presence of ripe and spent gonads from March to June and -September to December suggests spawning seasons in this coast.
The length at first maturity is estimated at 39.6 to 42.0cm. females comprise lower proportion than males but no significant differences existed.
Relatively, results indicate at least two dictinct size groups of skipjack exploited by the surface gear along Ilocos Waters. Initial estimate on the growth parameters of the said species in agreement with the values obtained in Southern Philippines.-"
189. Tandog, Dulce Dizon-State of exploitation and population dynamics of skipjack tuna (Katsowunos pelamis) in waters of Misamis Oriental. March 1984. 91 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 F35)-The present paper discusses the fishery, iology and population dynamics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught around Macajalar Bay and nearby areas of Bohol Sea.
Statistics collected for this study on the landing figures show that catches of skipjack represent a small fraction (5-) of the total catch during the study period January to June, 1982. The landings of this species are mainly taken from payao catches and from free-swimming schools using ringnet.
The comparison of sizes of skipjack from different landings show that payao-caught fish are generally smaller in size compared to those from free swimming schools.
The mean size at first maturity of skipjack computed in this study is 43.1 cm.
The results of the gonad analysis, seasonality pattern based on landing figures and length-frequency distributions show that April/May and November are peak fishing seasons and spawning months.
The recruitment patterns computed from the frequency data revealed that skipjack have two pulses per year which confirms the results of gonad analysis.
The stomach contents analysis revealed that the diet of skipjack consists mainly of fish.
The Von Bertalanfy growth parameters L = 82.2 cm and K= 0.48 were estimated from the length frequency data.
Total mortality rates computed in this study show a decreasing trend for the years 1979 to 1982.
Index
Note: The number alongside the index item refers to the Item Number, not page number.

Author Index
Abalos, Rosie Salvador, 144
Abeto, Mario N., 96
Abuso, Zenaida V., 185
Acosta, Belen Orejana, 52
Acuña, Rodrigo E., 24
Adeyemi, Frederick Folajimi, 53
Aduma, Ignatius Azubuike, 54
Alava, Rosario Viloria, 97
Alava, Veronica Ramos, 98
Alviola-Posadas, Ruth, 99
Andalecio, Merlina N., 39
Apud, Florentino D., 100
Aquino, Josephine Mejia, 55
Aquino, Lolita Vega, 170
Aragones, Naniel De Vera, 163
Arellano, Renato Vagay, 48
Asuncion, William Mercado, 101
Atmini, Sri, 171
Avance, Lea Lopez, 148
Avillanosa, Augustus P., 172
Aypa, Simeona Vicencio Moyano, 88
Babalola, Julius, 23
Badillo, Susan Delos Santos, 173
Baldevarona, Rodolfo B., 167
Baliao, Dan D., 56
Baltazar, Gonchio Que, 157
Banno, Jessie E., 57
Bantala, Dammang Salahuddin, 36
Bara, Agabus, 58
Barut, N.C., 186
Baylon, Carlos Clemente, 89
Belmonte, Bernardo Dindo B., 174
Bombeo, Isidra Bona, 102
Bongo, Nerisa G., 103
Caipang, Christopher Marlowe A., 40
Calanasco, Nathaniel, 27
Calanoga, Esterlita D. Legaspi, 94
Caliente, Alejandro Cabansay, 146
Calumpang, Rene T., 104
Cebu, Emilio H., 90
Chiu, Yvonne Ng, 59
Cholik, Faud, 105
Chua, Wilma Quitoriano, 162
Combras, Nilda Uy, 106
Corre, Kaylen Gonzales, 107
Corre, Valeriano L., 176
Cruz, Paul Felipe S., 168
Culasing, Romeo C., 28
De la Cruz, Aklani Rose Gamboa, 108
De la Cruz, Margarita Dela Torre, 25
De la Vega, Arlene Manalo, 109
De los Reyes, Mario R., 29
Dejarme, Henry Espina, 110
Dela Peña, Dioscoro T.,Jr., 111
Delan, Gloria Gomez, 147
Destajo, Warnita H., 112
Dimaano, Mario L., 149
Djazuli, Nazori, 187
Domingo, Theresa Sucgang, 49
Dumadag, Gamelba Vistal, 44
Dumada-ug, Cristeta R., 150
Duray, Victoriano M.,11
Duremdez, Roselyn C., 169
Dureza, Lourdes A., 177
Eldani, Abdurizal A., 60
Estrellada, Ronnie Pamatong, 113
Estudillo Mary Chona Belen, 166
Eya, Alita Eulatrez, 114
Fernandez, Pepito M.,115
Ferrer, Maria Salvacion Relleta, 158
Ferriol, Ophelia S., 178
Figueroa-Bombeo, Ruby, 116
Fineman-Kalio, Arthur Sunday, 179
Galicia Abundio M.,Jr., 42
Gallego, Amalia B., 91
Galope, Della Grace Quinte, 51
Garcia, Grace H., 151
Gauzon, Jose Enrique Diel, 61
Gomes, Luis Antonio de Oliveira, 145
Gomez, Dennis Kaw, 117
Hamid, Azwar, 118
Hamid, Noor, 119
Hanafi, Hasan, 152
Hechanova, Ma. Dulce J., 33
Hermes, Jasmin Espejo M., 20
Hermosa, Lea Cornelio, 32
ossain, S.M. Zahangir, 120
Huit, Nenita Buban, 159
Humilde, Primo Merino, 62
Ikotun, Sunday James, 63
Isorena-Morales, Minerva, 121
Jamandre, Dawn Rhoda M., 64
Janeo, Rosy Lumajen, 122
Jocson, Teresita Cayetano,12
Kanindot, Victorina Morrok, 123
Ladja, Hamjaraja B., 34
Lapie, Lustina Pelegrina, 180
Lasola, Ninnette T., 92
Laureta, Liberato V., 22
Luhan, Ma. Rovilla J., 160
Lumasag, Gil J., 65
Luna, Zaldy Odoño, 45
Lusica, Nancy M., 124
Mamaril, Eden Fontanilla, 161
Mamhot, Jennie Robles, 30
Mangalik, Arthur, 125
Mangawil, Melvin Z., 153
Manzano, Virginia B., 126
Marasigan, Arnulfo N., 66
Marquez, Faith Espejo, 67
Martosudarmo, Budiono, 127
Mendoza, Emiliana C., 128
Mesa, Romeo C., 68
Miranda, Leonor Isorena, 47
Murillo, Deograce Pollan, 154
Nalzaro, Gloria Galeza, 129
Navaluna, Noli Ariel, 19
Nera, Jocelyn B., 69
Nieto, Marceliano B., 95
Nwosu, Nwalozie Anderson, 70
Odunwa, Hyacinth Ifeanyi, 71
Ogburn, Damian, 130
Okoye, Fabian Chidozie, 72
Omoloyin, Olawale Jonathan, 73
Otubusin, Samuel Olu, 74
Pagdilao, Cesario R., 165
Paler, Reynaldo P, 75
Pangantihon, Ma. Paz Yap, 131
Parado-Estepa, Fe Dolores, 132
Peñaflor, Grace C., 46
Plete, Corazon Piquero, 93
Poku, Gyinaye, 133
Prado, Valentino Verona, 188
Primavera, Yasmin Honculada, 13
Pudadera, Beato Jagunap, Jr., 76
Quinitio Gerald Fontelera, 77
Racuyal, Jesus Tan, 134
Razon, Jose A. III, 134
Recometa, Renato D., 181
Relayson-Guerra, Melannie, 21
Rendon, Conrado C, 137
Reyes, Edgardo P., 136
Rios, Susan Abarca, 41
Saclauso, Crispino A., 35
Saji, Abdulsali Paradji, 143
Saluan-Abduhasan, Fathma, 182
Salvador, Ronelie Chato, 183
Sambilay, Victor C.,Jr., 31
Samsi, Soleh, 78
Santos, Francisco F., 17
Sastrillo, Mary Agnes Sardoma, 79
Saupi, Filomena Romarate, 26
Seneriches, Mary Lynn Marte, 80
Seraspe, Ebonia Balonon, 80, 82
Silva, Alberto Alfar, 184
Sovyanhadi, Yoedono, 37
Sumagaysay, Neila S., 83
Sutopo, Joko, 138
Syam, Rajuddin, 84
Tabbu, Marlo Yap, 85
Tabu, Nilda S., 139
Tandog, Dulce Dizon, 189
Taufiq, Moh, 140
Tendencia, Eleonor Alapide, 141
Tesorero, Leticia Blacer, 155
Thomforde, Hugh, 86
Tirtoredjo, Alie Poernomo, 38
Toledo, Ceferino Fernandez, 164
Torres, Catherine Santos, 87
Trinidad, Leny M., 50
Tubongbanua-Marasigan, Evelyn S., 156
Ungson, Julita Ragasa, 43
Yashiro, Renu, 142
Zafran, 18
Taxonomic Index
Acartia sp., 12
Acetes sp., 95
Aeromonas hydrophila, 5
Anodontia edentula, 10
Aristichthys nobilis, 6
Auxis thazard, 49, 93
Brachionus plicatilis, 110
Chaetomorpha linum, 164
Chanos chanos, 168
Chanos chanos, 52, 54, 57, 59, 60-65, 67-70, 73-74, 76-85, 87, 116
Clarias macrocephalus, 7-9
Cristaria plicata, 191,
Cyprinus carpio, 181
Decapterus macrosoma, 41
Decapterus russeli, 146
Domperidone, 9
Epinephelus coioides, 45
Epinephelus suillus, 44
Eucheuma cottonii, 157
Eucheuma spinosum, 157
Gerres filamentosus, 29
Gracilaria, 158, 161
Gracilaria heteroclada, 160
Haliotis asinina, 1
Heterocarpus gibbosus, 113
Katsowunos pelamis, 187, 188, 189
Lates calcarifer, 148-154, 156
Leiognathidae, 165
Leiognathus splendens, 46
Leiostomus xanthurus, 167
Lingula unguis, 47
Liza subviridis, 29, 94
Lutjanus argentimaculatus, 166
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, 133, 135,138
Metasiriella kitaroi, 51
Moinamacrocopa, 65
Mossambique tilapia, 173
Mugil sp., 126
Mysidacea, 51
Nitzschia closterium, 123
Oreochromis mossambicus, 173, 183, 184
Oreochromis niloticus, 172, 182, 183
Otolithes ruber, 19
Palaemon nematopaleamon, 162
Panulirus penillatus, 48
Paralichthys olivaceus, Mx., 40
Penaeus indicus, 114
Penaeus merguiensis, 134
Penaeus monodon, 60, 68,76,96,99,100-112, 115, 116-117, 119-121, 123-132, 136,139,141,142,
Perna viridis, 85,88,89,103
Priacanthus tayenus, biology143
Pseudomonas sp., 169
Rynchobatus djeddensis, 26
Sardinella fimbriata, 147
Sargassum spp., 159
Sarotherodon niloticus, 169
Scatophagus argus, 168
Scomberomorus commerson, 50
Scylla oceanica, 16, 17
Scylla serrata, 14, 15,18
Siderophore, 5
Siganus guttatus, 144-145., 164
Therapon jarbua, 29
Thunnus albacares, 186
Tilapia nilotica, 107,170,177,179,181
Tisbintra elongata, 11
Upeneus sulphureus, 42
Valamugil seheli, 94
Vibrio harveyi, 18
Vibrio spp., 141

Subject Index
ablation, 97
abundance, 25, 30, 163
acid sulfate soils, 36, 38
acids, 33, 37
aeration, 100, 111
aino acids, 121
Albay, 47
algae, 157
ammonia, 119
ammonium phosphate, 58
Arginine, 154
artemia, 110, 116, 142
artificial diet, 116
artificial shelters, 105-106
artificial substrate, 53
Asian catfish, 8
Astaxanthin, 131
azolla, 178
Babuyan channel, 28
bacteria, 5, 10, 49, 91
bacteriophages, 49
bagoong alamang, 95
banana prawn, 134
Batan Bay, 27
bays, Batan Bay27
bighead carp, 6
biology, 25, 29, 42, 113
banana prawn,134
Priacanthus tayenus 143
redtail roundscad, 146
blue-green algae, 3
brackishwater fishponds,22,34,35,36,38,60,63,66,68,69,70,72,73,74,83,85, 86,104,107
Bromelin, 20
broodstock, 131
Cagayan, 28, 48, 162
cage culture, 149, 170
calanoid copepod, 12
canning, 147
carbohydrate, 6 , 59
carp, 181
catch composition, 25
catfish, 7
Central Mindanao, 21
chemical changes, 33
chemicals, 10
chicken manure, 54, 58, 86
cholesterol, 129
clams, 181
coastal water, 146
common carp, 181
common table salt, 17
competition, 137
composition, 30
copepod, 11, 12
coral reefs, 13
coves, Natunawan Cove, 47
cow manure, 54
croaker, 19
culture,
milkfish, 140
seaweeds, 158
Davao Gulf, 113
deep-sea prawn, 113
demersal fish stocks, 28
demersal, 31
densities, milkfish70
diet, 6, 7, 61, 64, 67, 81, 82, 83, 112, 120, 128, 129, 131, 133, 142, 145, 152, 156,
digestibility, 59
diseases, 117, 141
distribution, 30, 31, 163
Domperidone, 9
donkey ear abalone, 1
dried mackerel, 93
Eastern Samar,25
eggs, 166
hatching, 136
embyro, 16
environment, 125
enzymes, 20
exploitation, 189
extensive culture, 108
eyestalk ablation, 135
feed, 102
feeding habits, 57, 186
feeding, 53, 82, 110, 121, 132, 144, 153, 167, 181
milkfish, 74
feeds, 14, 8, 44, 52, 67, 78, 81, 83, 86, 101, 106, 122, 127, 139,164,176,179, 180
fermentation, 21
fermented fish, 11
fertilized ponds, 55
fertilizer, 34
commercial, 73
inorganic, 63, 72
organic,23, 71
fingerling, 53, 56, 78,87
fish corral, 24, 25
fish ferments, 21
fish larvae, 30
fish meal, 112
fish nutrition, 66
fish production, 22
fish sacuse, 20
fish sausage, 26
fish silage, 159, 179, 180
fish yield, 155
fishing grounds, 27, 28, 185
Babuyan Channel, 28
Lingayen Gulf, 42, 143
Burias Pass, 185
fishmeal, 80
flatfishes, 39
flounder, 40
flow through system, 64
food, 65
food habits, 39
food organism, 102
freshwater giant prawn, 138
freshwater clam, 181
freshwater prawn, 135
frigate mackerel, 49, 93
fry, 6, 52, 56, 57, 64, 65, 68, 43, 52, 56, 57, 80, 115, 156, 169
milkfish, 75, 77, 81, 84
furnace, 87
galunggong, 41
gear selectivity, 75
gerres filamentosus, 29
gill net, 29
gills, 87
goatfish, 42
goby, 43
gonadrotropin, 9
green algae, 164
green mussel, 85, 89, 103
grouper, 44-45
growth, 2, 6, 22, 42, 44, 45, 46, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 76, 80, 84, 96, 105, 110, 115, 119, 123, 125, 127, 132, 138, 139, 142, 145, 148, 149, 150, 153, 156, 157, 164,165,167,172,173,174,177,178, 179,183mussel, 88
Haliotis asinina, 1
harpaticoid copepod, 11
hatcheries, 115, 117, 127
hatching, 45, 114
histamine,49
hybrid, 174
hybrid fry, 171
icing, 41,182
Ilocos, 188
Ilocos Sur, 43
Indonesia, 140
prawn culture, 118
infection, 117
intensive culture, 108
iron, 37
isolation, 161
Japanese flounder, 40
Jaro, Iloilo City, 160
Java tilapia, 184
juvenile, 141, 154, 112, 121, 125, 128, 129, 133, 79, 98, 163
lab-lab, 2, 4, 66
lakes, 170
landline, 186
larvae, 7,16, 18, 110, 111,119, 120,127, 132,135, 136, 138, 145, 96, 166diets, 130
larval rearing, 89
length frequency analysis, 46
light, 97
lime, 36
Lingayen Gulf, 42, 143
Lingula unguis, 47
lipid, 6 , 128, 171
lobster, 48
luteinizing hormone, 151
lysine, 154
Malalison Island, 13
mangrove red snapper, 166
mangrove, 10
Manila Bay, 165
manures, 23
chicken, 71
maturation, 99
metamorphosis, 130
methanol-soluble extracts, 121
methionine requirement,79
methyltestosterone, 177
Miag-ao, Iloilo, 90
microorganisms, 161
milkfish, 52,53, 54,55,56,57,58, 60, 61, 62, 63,64-70, 72-74, 76-87, 140
floating net cage, 62
fry, 75
growth, 62
production,71
survival, 62
milkfish, 70, 71, 72,73,74,
milt, 151
Misamis Oriental, 189
mackerels, 50
modular culture system, 184
molasses, 159
molting, 135
mono-ammonium phosphate, 72
monoculture, 104
Moro Gulf, 186
mortality, 31, 42, 1164
mud clam, 10
mud crab, 14-15,17
mullet, 126
mussels, 88
Natunawan Cove, 47
net, 32
net cages, 14,44,144,153,164
net fishing, 27
nile tilapia, 107, 172, 173, 176, 181
nitrogen, 104
nursery system, 56
nursery, 8
nutrient, 66
nutrition, 101
oceanographic parameters, Miag-ao, Iloilo, 90
orange-spotted grouper, 45
organic matter, 2,3,122
otoliths, 46
ovarian maturation, 97, 114
oysters, 91
Panay, 117
Panguil Bay, 24
papain, 20
phosphate, 37
phytoplankton, 32
pig manure, 22
pigmentation, 109
polyculture, 60, 68, 69, 76, 85,86, 104, 107, 126, 131,155,178
population dynamics, 19, 48,189
postlarva, 117,123,124,125,139,142
prawn, 60, 68,76,96,98, 107, 113, 118, 122,126,140,
prawn culture, 118
prawn pellet, 14
predators, 137
primary productivity, 55, 69
production, 66,106,123,151
productivity, 34, 35
protein, 78,80,82,98.112.176,179
purification, 91
purse seine, 188
quality changes, 41,187
rabbitfish, 144 , 145
Ragay Gulf, 29, 185
rearing techniques, 12
rearing, 7,8,51,131,
red tilapia, 86
redtail roundscad, biology, 146
reproduction, 172
reproductive behaviour, 131
rice bran, 11, 67
rice-cum-fish culture, 178
salinity, 2, 3,16, 45,61,96,99,114,136, 158,177
salinity tolerance, 166
milkfish, 77
salmon,9
Samar, 31,134
Samar Sea, 30,185
Sampaloc Lake, 170
San Miguel Bay, 19
Sapian Bay, 32
Sardines, 147
screening, 161
Sea bass, 150-155, 156
stocking density,149
seaperch, 148
seawater, 91, 147
seaweed, 151
sex reversal, 173, 174, 177
sex steroids, 168
shark, 26
shrimp dehydration, 162
shrimp head meal, 112
shrimp industry, 95
shrimp paste, 95
shrimps, 103, 108, 137
Siderophore, 5
siganids, 163-1164
skipjack tuna, 187-189
slipmouths, 165
smoked galunggong
smoked mackerel, 93
snapper, 166
soils, 34, 37,38
spanish mackerel, 50
spatial analysis ,27
spawning, 99, 135
spiny lobster, 48
spoilage, 94
spot, 167
spotted scat, 168
stocking densities, 115, 122, 123,139,144, 149, 150, 167, 149, 183, 184
milkfish, 70
storage, 20, 50, 70, 77, 93, 94, 147,162, 187
substrate, 88,106
sugpo, 101,115,136,136
sugpo fry, 105
sulfates, 33
sulphates, 37
supplementary feeding, 67
survival, 42,44,62,64,65,68,76,77,80,84,96, 102, 105,125,110,111,115,119,120,123, 164, 167, 172, 173, 177, 179, 183124,127,130,132,135, 138,139,142,145,148, 149,150,153,156
table salt, 96
tanks, 158
taxonomy, 163, 165
temperature, 61, 136
termite meal, 133
thyroid hormone, 168
Ticao Pass, 185
tiger-toothed croaker, 19
tilapia nilotica, 107,170,177,179,181
tilapia, 155, 171, 174, 179,180,182,183
tinapayan, 21
tolerance, 16
toxic, 119
toxicants, 137
toxicity, 37
traps, 113
trash fish, 14
trawls, 42
tunas, larvae, 185
vacuum, 50
virus, 117
water flea, 65
water hardness, 138
water movement, 100
water quality, 103
water ways, 118
Western Leyte, 146
yeast culture, 11
yellow goatfish, 42
yellowfin tuna, 186
yolk absorption, 45
zoea, 124
zooplankton, 132

Filipiniana Theses and Dissertations on Fisheries, 2001-

2005-12-08T19:02:00.000-08:00

by

Melchor F. Cichon
UP in the Visayas Library
Miag-ao, Iloilo
Philippines
December 9, 2005-
Last Upated: January 5, 2006
Introduction

The following theses were submitted to the different colleges and universities in the Philippines or abroad from 2001 to the present. Initially they are arranged alphabetically by author. It includes the library where the item is available.

Anasco, Nathaniel C. Spatial occurrence of the ten most important setnet caught fish species in Batan Bay estuary, Philippines. Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2001. 80 leaves. MS in Fisheries. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Apines, Mary Jane S. Evaluation of amino acid-chelated trace elements as dietary supplement and their influence on the immune response in rainbow trout, Oncorhynehus mykiss.--Japan: Tokyo University of Fisheries, 2003. 145 leaves. Dissertation-Tokyo University of Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Aranas, Marie May S. Chemical properties of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) eyeball sockets for possible industrial applications.--Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2001. 67 leaves. BS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, University of the Philippines in the Visayas)

Avillanosa, Arlene Limbaga. Biomass analysis of catch data in Central Philippine waters for the period 1978-1987.--Iloilo: Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2005. 126 leaves. MS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Balbuena, Glezzenda P. Production of liquid fish protein from roughear (Decapterus tabl) and bullet tuna (Auxis thazard) using lactic acid bacteria fermentation.--Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Science, U.P. in the Visayas, 2004. 71 leaves. BS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Bao-bao, Jomel G. Effect of bleeding on color and rancidity of frozen tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillet. Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2003. (Location: CFOS Library, U.P. in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Caipang, Christopher Marlowe A. Studies on antiviral mechanisms in fish and the development of DNA vaccines against red sea bream iridoviral diseases. --Japan: Graduate School opf fisheries, Tokyo University of Fisheries, 2004. Ph D in Fisheries. Dissertation--Tokyo University of Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Cajes-Cabungcal, Felina C. The effects of carrageenan on surimi-based product. --Iloilo: Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2004. 83 leaves. MS in Fisheries (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Cariaga, Anne Valerie Cainglet. Canning of tropical abalone (Haliotis asinina) in brine. -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 53 leaves. BS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Centina, Reynaldo S. Use of vibrio harveyi bacteria to control luminous bacterial disease in shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius). Miag-ao, Iloilo: college of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2004. 43 leaves. MS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Cerezo, Rolando B. Effect of different types of shelter on the production of mud crab, Scylla serrata juveniles in concrete nursery tanks. Iloilo: College o Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2001. 70 leaves. MS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Chato-Salvador, Ronelie C. Micropropagation of kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta).--Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2004. 127 leaves. PhD in Fisheries. Dissertation--UP in the Visayas. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Dalipe, Shirley Solinap. Effect of papain on the textural attributes of canned abalone (Haliotis asinina). -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 59 leaves. BS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Daquiado, Divina Gracia Alba. Production of liquid fish protein (LFP) using modified methods of fermentation. -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2005. 87 leaves. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Dencillo, Leonora D. Sous vide: technology for convenience seafood products.--Iloilo: Institute of fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2005. 75 leaves. MS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Du, Hoang Trung. Environmental impacts of marine cage farm (Lobster culture) in Van Phong Bay, Khanh Hoa, vietnam.--Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2003. 87 leaves. MS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Facon, Jennifer Tampon. Study of aspergillus molds in the process of katsuobushi production using frigate tuna. -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 61 leaves. BS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Geguira, Ma. Connie Panes. Distribution of ciguateric dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus toxicus and ostreopsis spp. in algal substrate off Sibuyan Island, Romblon.-- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 36 leaves. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Gelletu, Emebet Chaka. Effect of increasing salinity on the performance of genetically profiled tilapia.-- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2003. 75 leaves. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Humilde, Primo M. Growth, survival and net yield of milkfish Chanos chanos forskal (1775) reared in floating net cages at different stocking densities. Iloilo: College of Fisherie san Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2001. 40 leaves. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Molo, Lito Monserate. Standardization of bottled tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) in coconut sauce. -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 59 leaves. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Obligar, Pepito Arollado, Jr. Development of bottled oyster (Crassostrea sp.) in oil. -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 72 leaves. BS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Patadjai, Andi Besse. Nutritional value of fish silage with gracilaria sp and abalone viscera as poultry feed.--Iloilo: Institute of Fish Processing technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2004. 102p. MS in Fisheries (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Peralta, Ernestina M. Quality changes in vacuum-packed smoked deboned milkfish stored at refrigeration temperature.--Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2003. 96 leaves. MS in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, U.P. in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Poku, Gyinaye. termite meal as protein source in th diet of macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) juveniles.--Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2001. 53 leaves. M.S. in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, U.P. in the Visayas)

Rentillo, Rheba Finnettie M. Application of lactic acid bacteria to control histamine formation in smoked bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso). --Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2002. 88 leaves. BS in Fisheries (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Suganob, Allan A. The production of liquid fish protein from big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) and rough ear scad (Decapterus tabl) using lactic acid bacteria starter culture.--Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2004. BS in Fisheries. 80 leaves (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Tanoy, Arnold G. A preliminary assessment of cyanide contamination in mangrove red snapper (Lutjamus argentimaculatus).--Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2003. 54 leaves. BS in Fisheries (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Traifalgar, Ex Ferdinand Mallare. Effects of selected dietary immunostimulants on immune response and digestive enzyme activity of Penaeus monodon juveniles. -- Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of fisheries and Ocean Sciences, UP in the Visayas, 2006. 75 leaves. MS thesis. (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Urmaza, Elizabeth B. Seed production and growth performance of saline tolerant tilapia produced from complete diallele cross combinations of various tilapia species. --Miag-ao, Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2001. 192 leaves. Ph.D.in Fisheries (Aquaculture) (Location: CFOS Library, UP in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo)

Zafran. application of bacteria to control luminescent vibrio harveyi infection in hatchery reared Scylla serrata larvae.--Iloilo: College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, U.P. in the Visayas, 2001. 61 leaves. M.S. in Fisheries. (Location: CFOS Library, U.P. in the Visayas)